Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

This summary of significant accounting policies of the Company is presented to assist in understanding the Company’s financial statements. The financial statements and notes are representations of the Company’s management, which is responsible for their integrity and objectivity. These accounting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and have been consistently applied in the preparation of the financial statements.

Principles of Consolidation

JFB Construction & Development, Inc. accounts are included on its Parent Company’s consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Cash and Restricted Cash

The Company’s cash is comprised of highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three (3) months or less, together with restricted cash totaling $3,000,000, consisting of $3,000,000 pledge as collateral for the Desoto School Project performance bond.

Concentration Risk

Cash includes amounts deposited in financial institutions in excess of insurable Federal Deposit Insurance Company (FDIC) limits. At times throughout the year, the Company may maintain cash balances in certain bank accounts in excess of FDIC limits. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the cash balance in excess of the FDIC limits was $21,862,085 and $2,196,183, respectively. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk in these accounts.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Certain accounting estimates of the Company require a higher degree of judgment than others in their application. These include the recognition of revenue and earnings from construction contracts over time, and the valuation of long-lived assets. Management evaluates all of its estimates and judgements based on available information and experience; however, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when services are performed, provided that evidence of an arrangement exists, title and risk of loss have passed to the customer, fees are fixed or determinable, and collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured.

Revenues and related costs on construction contracts are recognized as the performance obligations for work are satisfied over time in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Under ASC 606, revenue, and associated profit, will be recognized as the customer obtains control of the goods and services promised in the contract (i.e., performance obligations). All un-allocable indirect costs and corporate general and administrative costs are charged to the periods as incurred. However, in the event a loss on a contract is foreseen, the Company will recognize the loss as it is determined.

Revisions in cost and profit estimates during the course of the contract are reflected in the accounting period in which the facts for the revisions become known. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions, and final contract settlements, may result in revisions to costs and income, which are recognized in the period the revisions are determined.

Contract receivables are recorded on contracts for amounts currently due based upon progress billings, as well as retention, which are collectible upon completion of the contracts. Accounts payable to material suppliers and subcontractors are recorded for amounts currently due based upon work completed or materials received, as are retention due subcontractors, which are payable upon completion of the contract. General and administrative expenses are charged to operations as incurred and are not allocated to contract costs.

Revisions in cost and profit estimates during the course of the contract are reflected in the accounting period in which the facts for the revisions become known. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions, and final contract settlements, may result in revisions to costs and income, which are recognized in the period the revisions are determined.

Contract receivables are recorded on contracts for amounts currently due based upon progress billings, as well as retention, which are collectible upon completion of the contracts. Accounts payable to material suppliers and subcontractors are recorded for amounts currently due based upon work completed or materials received, as are retention due subcontractors, which are payable upon completion of the contract. General and administrative expenses are charged to operations as incurred and are not allocated to contract costs.

To determine proper revenue recognition for contracts, we evaluate whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as one single performance obligation or whether a single contract should be accounted for as more than one performance obligation. This evaluation requires significant judgment and the decision to combine a group of contracts or separate a single contract into multiple performance obligations could change the amount of revenue and profit recorded in a given period. For all of our contracts, we provide a significant service of integrating a complex set of tasks and components into a single project. Hence, the entire contract is accounted for as one performance obligation. Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on many of our performance obligations, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion is complex, subject to variables and requires significant judgment. We estimate variable consideration at the most likely amount to which we expect to be entitled. We include estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us.

In accordance with ASC 606-10-50-12, our revenue recognition policy reflects the nature of the goods and services promised to customers across our three business segments: Commercial Construction, Residential Construction, and Real Estate Development. Commercial Construction segment we provide construction services for commercial properties, including office buildings and retail spaces. Our performance obligation typically consists of delivering a completed construction project within a contract term of approximately 8 to 13 weeks. Residential Construction segment focuses on the construction of residential properties, including ground up development of single-family and multi-family residential homes, and the remodeling of single-family and multi-family homes. Our residential contracts generally have a duration of 8-12 months. In our Real Estate Development segment, we would undertake the acquisition and development of land for development, or value add opportunities in real estate. This segment of the business would take approximately 6-24 months.

In accordance with ASC 606-10-50-13 we disclose information regarding our remaining performance obligations for contracts with customers in our business segments. The total remaining performance obligations under the Commercial Construction segment are expected to be satisfied within the next 8-13 week reflecting the typical duration of these projects. Under the Residential Construction segment are expected to be satisfied over the next 8-12 months as projects progress towards completion.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

Accounts receivable is recognized in the period when the Company’s right to consideration is unconditional. Accounts receivable is recognized net of an allowance for credit losses. A considerable amount of judgement is required in assessing the likelihood of realization of receivables.

The timing of revenue may differ from timing of invoicing customers.

Contract assets include unbilled amounts from long-term construction services when revenue recognized under the cost-to-cost measure of progress exceeds the amounts invoiced to customers, as the amounts cannot be billed under the terms of the contracts. Such amounts are recoverable from customers based upon various measures of performance, including achievement of certain milestones, completion of specified units or completion of contract. Contracts assets are generally classified as current within the consolidated balance sheet.

Contract liabilities from construction contracts occur when amounts invoiced to customers exceed revenues recognized under the cost-to-cost measures of progress. Contract liabilities additionally include advance payments from customers on certain contracts. Contract liabilities decrease as the Company recognizes revenue from the satisfaction of the related performance obligation. Contract liabilities are generally classified as current within the consolidated balance sheet.

Although the Company believes it has established adequate procedures for estimating costs to complete on open contracts, it is at least reasonably possible that additional significant costs could occur on contracts prior to completion. The Company periodically evaluates and revises its estimates and makes adjustments when they are considered necessary.

The Company recognizes revenue by applying the following 5 step model:

1. Identifying the Contract(s) with a Customer. The Company enters into written contract with customers that create enforceable rights and obligations. Contracts are assessed to ensure they meet criteria for being considered legally binding and capable of being accounted for.

2. Identify the Performance Obligations in the Contract. Performance obligations are identified as distinct promises to transfer goods or services to a customer. The Company identifies their scope of work and creates a schedule of values (SOV) outlining each individual scope of the project.

3. Determine the Transaction Price. The transaction price is the amount of considerations the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring promised services. The transaction price may include fixed amounts or cost-plus percentage method.

4. Allocate the Transaction Priced to Performance Obligations. The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation (SOV) based on its stand-alone selling price. The stand-alone selling price is the price which the Company would sell its service separately to a customer.

5. Recognize Revenue when (or as) the Company Satisfies a Performance Obligation. The Company recognizes revenue over time based on the progress towards completion of performance obligation. Revenue recognized during this reporting period is derived from the total contract value as allocated to performance obligations satisfied during that period.

In accordance with ASC 280-10-50, our operations are organized into three primary business segments: Commercial Construction, Residential Construction, and Real Estate Development. These segments are defined based on the nature of our services and the markets we serve.

Commercial Construction: This segment includes all activities related to the construction of commercial properties such as office buildings, retail spaces, and industrial facilities. Revenue is recognized using the cost-to cost method, reflecting the extent of work performed on contracts. The Commercial segment of JFB Construction represents 78% and 89% of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Residential Construction: This segment focuses on the construction of residential properties, including single-family homes and multi-family units. Revenue recognition is similarly based on the cost-to cost method. The Residential segment of JFB Construction represents 22% and 11% of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Real Estate Development: This segment encompasses the acquisition, development, and sale of real estate properties. Revenue is recognized upon the sale of developed properties and is influenced by market conditions and demand for residential and commercial properties. There is no revenue recognized for this segment for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The financial performance of each segment is regularly reviewed with operational leaders in charge of these segments, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and others.

Contract Receivable

Accounts receivables are generally based on amounts billed to the customer in accordance with contractual provisions. They are uncollateralized customer obligations due under normal trade terms, only recorded for those amounts deemed collectible, based upon experience with its customers. No finance or interest charges are charged to accounts receivable. The Company uses the allowance method to account for uncollectible accounts receivable. The Company records an allowance against uncollectible items for each customer after all reasonable means of collection have been exhausted, and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $135,236 and $0 as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. The net contract receivable balance was $9,243,354 on December 31, 2025, and $3,047,255 on December 31, 2024.

Advertising Costs

The Company expenses the cost of advertising and promotional materials when incurred. The advertising costs were $1,011,092 for the year ended December 31, 2025 and $51,635 and for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, including vehicles, computers and office equipment and field equipment. Gain or loss is recognized upon disposal of property and equipment, and the asset and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, while expenditures for addition and betterment are capitalized. Property and Equipment include the following categories:

 Schedule of Property and Equipment

Long-lived assets held and used by the Company are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In the event that the facts and circumstances indicate that the cost of any long-lived assets may be impaired, an evaluation of recoverability would be performed following generally accepted accounting principles.

Depreciation expense during the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, was $251,913 and $179,649, respectively.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments requires disclosure of the fair value information, whether or not to recognized in the balance sheet, where it is practicable to estimate that value. As of December 31, 2025, the balances reported for cash, contract receivables, cost in excess of billing, prepaid expenses, accounts payable, billing in excess of cost, and accrued expenses approximate the fair value because of their short maturities.

We adopted ASC Topic 820 for financial instruments measured as fair value on a recurring basis. ASC Topic 820 defines fair value, established a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC Topic 820 established a three-tier fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements). These tiers include:

● Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

● Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

● Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

Work-in-Process

The Company recognizes as an asset the accumulated costs for work-in-process on projects expected to be delivered to customers. Work in Process includes the cost price of materials and labor related to the construction of equipment to be sold to customers.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Management reviewed currently issued pronouncements and does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the accompanying condensed financial statements.