<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:019e6f55-5b01-71cb-afe2-b20f337c8642,g:b1a2e5d4-07a6-4262-8b33-a1f4cd981c87-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.oncolyticsbiotech.com/role/Cover" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="oncy-20260616.xsd#Cover"/>
  <link:presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.oncolyticsbiotech.com/role/Cover" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType_019e6f55-5b01-7289-9d9d-e58b85809dfc" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentType_019e6f55-5b01-7289-9d9d-e58b85809dfc" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_019e6f55-5b01-7abb-923c-5953aa32689a" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_019e6f55-5b01-7abb-923c-5953aa32689a" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_019e6f55-5b01-72f2-b581-5f48770969b3" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="3" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_019e6f55-5b01-72f2-b581-5f48770969b3" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_019e6f55-5b01-76eb-92eb-d45c79261834" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="4" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_019e6f55-5b01-76eb-92eb-d45c79261834" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_019e6f55-5b01-7d1a-8d80-b2b0169e7c17" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="5" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_019e6f55-5b01-7d1a-8d80-b2b0169e7c17" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_019e6f55-5b01-7ec7-8d86-dfd178e146aa" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="6" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_019e6f55-5b01-7ec7-8d86-dfd178e146aa" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_019e6f55-5b01-7ebb-b03f-5023f98ca299" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="7" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_019e6f55-5b01-7ebb-b03f-5023f98ca299" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_019e6f55-5b01-7041-ac3a-00072c6aabb0" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="8" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_019e6f55-5b01-7041-ac3a-00072c6aabb0" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_019e6f55-5b01-76b6-86e1-9f33e2a72215" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="9" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_019e6f55-5b01-76b6-86e1-9f33e2a72215" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_019e6f55-5b01-721e-9020-76468adceed5" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="10" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_019e6f55-5b01-721e-9020-76468adceed5" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_019e6f55-5b01-7137-90bb-8ed4bd296b32" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="11" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_019e6f55-5b01-7137-90bb-8ed4bd296b32" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_019e6f55-5b01-731d-9544-acdbca9351d7" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="12" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_019e6f55-5b01-731d-9544-acdbca9351d7" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_019e6f55-5b01-7a4d-ae8e-04c3e74da6c7" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="13" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_019e6f55-5b01-7a4d-ae8e-04c3e74da6c7" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial_019e6f55-5b01-7d2e-923e-059a503b3fb6" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="14" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial_019e6f55-5b01-7d2e-923e-059a503b3fb6" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_019e6f55-5b01-7181-806c-aa80ad14e42a" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="15" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_019e6f55-5b01-7181-806c-aa80ad14e42a" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_019e6f55-5b01-79de-8c7c-a103f6a16861" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="16" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_019e6f55-5b01-79de-8c7c-a103f6a16861" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_Security12bTitle_019e6f55-5b01-7283-9273-7292490cc98d" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="17" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_Security12bTitle_019e6f55-5b01-7283-9273-7292490cc98d" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_019e6f55-5b01-7fce-a7d9-c4d4c799c69f" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="18" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_019e6f55-5b01-7fce-a7d9-c4d4c799c69f" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName_019e6f55-5b01-790a-a0e2-89a72c0f0bde" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="19" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName_019e6f55-5b01-790a-a0e2-89a72c0f0bde" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_019e6f55-5b01-744c-beaf-5f7f03c4b169" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="20" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_019e6f55-5b01-744c-beaf-5f7f03c4b169" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_019e6f55-5b01-72dc-8825-fcd4674acc02" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="21" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_019e6f55-5b01-72dc-8825-fcd4674acc02" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_019e6f55-5b01-7b39-b07f-d79226f17a21" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="22" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e6f55-5b01-7d43-815e-3155149ee231" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_019e6f55-5b01-7b39-b07f-d79226f17a21" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
  </link:presentationLink>
</link:linkbase>
