SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

[A] Basis of preparation and consolidation:

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes thereto. On May 8, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a change in its fiscal year end from December 31 to March 31 in order to better align the Company’s reporting calendar with the April 2, 2024 close of the MiX Combination and MiX Telematics’ historical March 31 fiscal year end. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation. We round amounts in the consolidated financial statements to thousands.

[B] Use of estimates:

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Such management estimates include, but are not limited to, assumptions used in business combinations, allowance for credit losses, income taxes, realization of deferred tax assets, accounting for uncertain tax positions, the impairment of intangible assets, including goodwill and long-lived assets, capitalized software development costs, standalone selling prices (“SSP”), valuation of the derivative asset, redeemable non-controlling interest, and market-based stock-based compensation costs. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates and assumptions made.

[C] Cash and cash equivalents:

The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents unless they are legally or contractually restricted. The Company’s cash and cash equivalent balances exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and other local jurisdictional limits. Restricted cash at March 31, 2025 totaled $4,396 and consisted primarily of cash of $3,336 held in escrow related to the FC Acquisition to secure certain tax liabilities, cash of $311 held in escrow for purchases from a vendor, cash of $698 held by MiX Telematics Enterprise BEE Trust to be used solely for the benefit of its beneficiaries and cash securing guarantees of $51 issued in respect of property lease agreements entered into by MiX Telematics Australasia. Restricted cash at March 31, 2026 totaled $4,322 and consisted primarily of cash of $3,156 held in escrow related to the FC Acquisition to secure certain tax liabilities, cash of $312 held in escrow for purchases from a vendor, cash of $720 held by MiX Telematics Enterprise BEE Trust to be used solely for the benefit of its beneficiaries, cash securing guarantees of $58 issued in respect of property lease agreements entered into by MiX Telematics Australasia, cash securing guarantees of $76 issued in respect of property lease agreements entered into by Fleet Complete Australia.

[D] Accounts receivable and allowance for credit losses:

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Amounts collected on trade accounts receivable are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses against its accounts receivable for potential losses.

The Company’s receivables were evaluated to determine an appropriate allowance for credit losses. For trade receivables, the Company’s historical collections were analyzed by the number of days past due to determine the uncollectible rate in each range of days past due and considerations of any changes expected in the future. The estimate of the allowance for credit losses is charged to the allowance for credit losses based on the age of receivables multiplied by the historical uncollectible rate for the range of days past due or earlier if the account is deemed uncollectible for other reasons. Recoveries of amounts previously charged as uncollectible are credited to the allowance for credit losses.

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers.

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses for the periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2026 is as follows (in thousands):


Allowance for credit losses, March 31, 2024	$	3,197



Current period provision for expected credit losses	9,418
Write-offs charged against the allowance	(8,908)


Foreign currency translation	350
Allowance for credit losses, March 31, 2025	$	4,057
Current period provision for expected credit losses	16,780
Write-offs charged against the allowance	(12,753)
Foreign currency translation	1,093
Allowance for credit losses, March 31, 2026	$	9,177

[E] Revenue recognition:

The Company generates revenue from sales of products and from customer SaaS, data integration and hosting infrastructure fees. The revenue streams are categorized as product revenue and services revenue, based on the nature of the underlying goods and services provided.

Product revenues consists primarily of revenue derived from the sale of hardware devices.

Service revenue consists primarily of revenue derived from the provision of recurring subscription services, as well as professional implementation and other non-recurring services.

The Company also generates revenue through distributor and channel partner arrangements and, to a lesser extent, leasing arrangements.

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Sales, value add, and other taxes collected concurrently with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue.

The Company applies the following five‑step model under ASC 606 to determine revenue recognition: (i) identification of the contract with a customer; (ii) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determination of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied.

The Company utilizes significant judgment to determine whether control of the hardware has transferred to the customer (i.e. distinct to the customer separate from SaaS services provided). For products which are not distinct to the customer separate from the SaaS services provided, the Company considers both hardware and SaaS services a bundled performance obligation.

Product Revenue

Product revenue consists primarily of hardware, parts and accessories relating to AI-enabled cameras, in-vehicle telematics devices and in-warehouse devices and sensors.

Product revenue is recognized at a point in time when control transfers to the customer, typically upon shipment or delivery in accordance with contractual terms.

Recurring Subscription Services

Recurring subscription revenue consists primarily of access to the Company’s cloud‑based software platforms, data analytics, hosted applications, and connectivity services that enable data transmission between devices and the Company’s systems. Subscription arrangements are generally non‑cancellable and range from one to five years.

Recurring subscription services represent a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. Accordingly, these services are accounted for as a single performance obligation satisfied over time, as customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of the services.

Revenue is recognized ratably over the contractual service period beginning when the services are made available to the customer.

Professional Implementation and Other Non-Recurring Services

Professional and other non-recurring services consist primarily of implementation, installation, configuration, training, and technical support services.

Revenue from professional services is recognized at a point in time when the services are performed, as these services are typically short-term in nature and customers receive the benefit upon completion of the services provided.

Distributor and Partner Arrangements

The Company sells its products and services both directly to customers and indirectly through distributors and channel partners.

When another party is involved in providing products or services to the end customer, the Company evaluates the nature of its promise to determine whether it is acting as an agent or principal in the sales transaction. The Company considers itself acting as a principal if it controls the specified products or services before they are transferred to the end customers, otherwise the Company is acting as an agent. The Company determines control as the ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, the products or services. Control includes the ability to prevent others from directing the use of, and obtaining the benefits from, the products or services. Revenue is recognized based on the gross amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the specified products or services when acting as a principal and is recognized based on any fee or commission to which it expects to be entitled to in exchange for arranging for the specified products or services to be provided by the other party.

Transaction Price and Allocation - Standalone Selling Price (SSP)

For contracts containing multiple performance obligations, the Company applies judgment in identifying performance obligations and determining whether promised goods or services are distinct or should be combined as a single performance obligation.

The Company’s contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative SSP. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. The Company generally determines standalone selling prices based on observable prices charged to customers. Significant pricing practices taken into consideration include the Company’s discounting practices, the size and volume of its transactions, the customer demographic, price lists, its go-to-market strategy and historical and current sales and contract prices. As the Company’s go-to-market strategies evolve, it may modify its pricing practices in the future, which could result in changes to SSP. In certain cases, the Company is able to establish SSP based on observable prices of products or services sold separately in comparable circumstances to similar customers. The Company uses a single amount to estimate SSP when it has observable prices. If SSP is not directly observable, for example when pricing is highly variable, the Company uses a range of SSP. The Company determines the SSP range using information that may include pricing practices or other observable inputs. The Company typically has more than one SSP for individual products and services due to the stratification of those products and services by customer size.

Contract Balances

Contract liabilities (deferred revenue) consist of amounts invoiced or received in advance of satisfying performance obligations, primarily related to subscription, connectivity, maintenance, and support services. Deferred revenue is recognized over the applicable service period and classified as current or long‑term based on the timing of expected satisfaction of performance obligations.

Costs to Obtain Contracts

Incremental costs of obtaining contracts, primarily sales commissions paid to employees and distributors, are capitalized when the Company expects to recover those costs. These costs are amortized on a systematic basis over the estimated period of benefit, generally one to five years.

Warranties

The Company’s standard hardware warranties represent assurance-type warranties and are not separate performance obligations under ASC 606. Expected costs associated with these warranties are recognized as an expense when the related products are sold and are accounted for in accordance with ASC 460.

Remaining Performance Obligations

The Company has elected the practical expedients permitted under ASC 606 and therefore does not disclose the value of remaining performance obligations for:

(i) contracts with original expected durations of one year or less; and

(ii) contracts for which revenue is recognized in an amount corresponding directly with the value transferred to the customer.

[F] Inventory:

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the “moving average” cost method or the first-in first-out (“FIFO”) method. Inventory consists of components and finished products.

Inventory write-downs are established in order to report inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value in the consolidated balance sheets. The determination of inventory valuation reserves requires management to make estimates and judgments on the future salability of inventories. Valuation reserves for obsolete and slow-moving inventory are estimated based on assumptions of future sales forecasts, product life cycle expectations, the impact of new product introductions, production requirements, and specific identification of items, such as product discontinuance or engineering/material changes and by comparing the inventory levels to historical usage rates.

[G] Fixed assets and depreciation:

Fixed assets are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation and amortization are recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The following table provides the range of estimated useful lives used for each asset type:


			Useful Life (years)
Installed products			3 - 5
Computer software			3 - 5
Computers and electronic equipment			3 - 10
Furniture and fixtures			5 - 7
Leasehold improvements			Shorter of useful life or lease term
Plant and equipment			1 - 8

[H] Long-lived assets:

Long-lived assets, which include definite lived intangible assets and fixed assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The recoverability of assets to be held and used is assessed by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets to the future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets and would be charged to earnings. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary.

[I] Goodwill and intangibles:

Goodwill represents costs in excess of fair values assigned to the underlying net assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized and are tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized over their useful lives unless the lives are determined to be indefinite. Intangible assets are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. Intangible assets consist of trademarks and trade names, patents, customer relationships and other intangible assets. Goodwill is tested at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below the operating segment. The Company operates with one operating segment, which is its only reporting unit and aligns with its only reportable segment.

The Company tests for goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level on October 1 of each year and between annual tests if a triggering event indicates the possibility of an impairment. As of October 1, 2025, the Company performed a quantitative assessment whereby the fair value of the reporting unit is calculated using a market approach. The fair value of the reporting unit was substantially more than its carrying value.

During the quarter March 31, 2026, the Company experienced a decline in its market capitalization as a result of a decrease in its stock price, which represented a triggering event requiring the Company’s management to perform quantitative goodwill impairment tests. The Company performed a quantitative assessment whereby the fair value of its single reporting unit, including the implied control premium, was estimated and compared to its market capitalization as of March 31, 2026 to determine if the fair value is reasonable compared to external market indicators. Market capitalization is determined by multiplying the number of shares of common stock outstanding by the market price of its common stock as of the assessment date. The control premium, or the amount paid by a new controlling shareholder for the benefits resulting from synergies and other potential benefits derived from controlling the acquired company, is determined by utilizing data from publicly available premium studies for similarly situated public company transactions. As a result of this quantitative assessment, the Company determined that the fair value of the reporting unit was not less than its carrying amount and thus goodwill was not impaired as of March 31, 2026. Changes in judgments, assumptions, and estimates could result in significantly different fair value estimates.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the three months ended March 31, 2024, and the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2026, the Company did not incur an impairment charge.

[J] Product warranties:

The Company typically provides a 1 to 8-year warranty on its products. Estimated future warranty costs are accrued in the period that the related revenue is recognized and are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. These estimates are derived from historical data and trends of product reliability and costs of repairing and replacing defective products.

[K] Research and development:

Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred and consist primarily of salaries and related expenses, supplies and contractor costs. Research and development costs were $8,380, $2,018, $16,061 and $18,359 for the year ended December 31, 2023, the three months ended March 31, 2024, and the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2026, respectively. The Company capitalizes the portion of its internal-use software development costs that meets the criteria for capitalization.

[L] Internal-use software and technology:

The Company capitalizes as intangible assets, internal-use software acquired or developed solely to meet the Company’s internal needs. Costs, excluding general and administrative costs such as general overheads, legal, research, business process engineering and data conversion costs, are capitalized from the date on which management implicitly or explicitly authorizes, or commits to fund, the project, and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will perform the intended function (application development stage). All costs incurred during the preliminary development stage are expensed. Capitalization ceases when the project is substantially complete and the software is ready for its intended use.

Costs, including annual licenses, associated with maintaining computer software programs, and training costs are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred for upgrades and enhancements (modifications to existing internal-use software that provides additional functionality) are capitalized during the application development stage.

Software capitalized is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life ranging from 3 to 5 years, commencing on the date when the software is ready for its intended use.

[M] Patent costs:

Costs incurred in connection with acquiring patent rights are charged to expense as incurred.

[N] Concentration of credit risk:

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company and its subsidiaries to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and trade receivables.

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are invested primarily in deposits with major banks worldwide. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and, therefore, bear low risk. Management believes that the financial institutions that hold the Company’s investments have a high credit rating.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the three months ended March 31, 2024, and the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2026, there were no customers who generated revenues greater than 10% of the Company’s consolidated total revenues or generated greater than 10% of the Company’s consolidated accounts receivable.

[O] Benefit plan:

The Company maintains a retirement plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, which covers all eligible employees. All employees with U.S. source income are eligible to participate in the plan immediately upon employment. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the three months ended March 31, 2024, and the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2026, the Company contributed $379, $88, $456, and $567, respectively, to the plan.

[P] Severance pay:

The liability of the Company’s subsidiaries in Israel for severance pay is calculated pursuant to Israel’s Severance Pay Law 5273-1963 (the “Severance Law”) based on the most recent salary of the employees multiplied by the number of years of employment as of balance sheet date and are presented on an undiscounted basis. Employees are entitled to one month’s salary for each year of employment, or a portion thereof. The liability for the Company and its subsidiaries in Israel is fully provided by monthly deposits with insurance policies and by accrual. The value of these policies is recorded as an asset and classified as severance payable fund in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The deposited funds may be withdrawn only upon the fulfillment of the obligation pursuant to the Severance Law or labor agreements. The value of the deposited funds is based on the cash surrendered value of these policies, and includes profits or losses accumulated to balance sheet date.

Some of the Company’s employees are subject to Section 14 of the Severance Law and the General Approval of the Labor Minister dated June 30, 1998, issued in accordance to the said Section 14, mandating that upon termination of such employees’ employment, all the amounts accrued in their insurance policies shall be released to them. The severance pay liabilities and deposits covered by these plans are not reflected in the consolidated balance sheets as the severance pay risks have been irrevocably transferred to the severance funds.

[Q] Stock-based compensation:

The Company operates various stock-based compensation plans, under which the entity receives services from employees as consideration for equity instruments of the Company. Settlement has taken place out of a fresh issue of shares. The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation for all share-based payments, including grants of stock options, restricted stock and stock appreciation rights, as an operating expense based on their fair values on the grant date. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $3,908, $1,028, $9,362, and $7,541, for the year ended December 31, 2023, the three months ended March 31, 2024, and the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2026, respectively.

The Company estimates the fair value of share-based option awards on the grant date using an option pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service period in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company estimates forfeitures at the time of grant in order to estimate the amount of share-based awards that will ultimately vest. The estimate is based on the Company’s historical rates of forfeitures. Estimated forfeitures are revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

The Company grants restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance stock units (“PSUs”) to employees and directors under its equity incentive plans.

Each RSU represents a contingent right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock upon vesting. RSUs are generally subject to service-based vesting conditions and vest in equal installments over a three-year period, provided the recipient remains employed by, or continues to provide service to, the Company through each applicable vesting date.

PSUs represent the right to receive a variable number of shares of the Company’s common stock upon vesting, subject to the achievement of specified performance criteria and continued service requirements.

The grant-date fair value of RSUs is based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date and is recognized as stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Compensation expense for RSUs with performance conditions is recognized over the requisite service period when achievement of the performance conditions becomes probable.

The PSU’s vest upon the achievement of specified performance targets established for the Company’s executive officers and senior management team, subject to the continued employment of the participant through the applicable vesting date. Compensation expense related to these awards is recognized over the requisite service period based on the grant-date fair value of the awards and the probability of achieving the applicable performance conditions.

[R] Income taxes:

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes. Deferred income taxes are measured by applying enacted statutory rates to net operating loss carryforwards and to the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company recognizes uncertainty in income taxes in the financial statements using a recognition threshold and measurement attribute of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company applies the “more-likely-than-not” recognition threshold to all tax positions, commencing at the adoption date of the applicable accounting guidance, which resulted in no unrecognized tax benefits as of such date. Additionally, there have been no unrecognized tax benefits subsequent to adoption. The Company has opted to classify interest and penalties that would accrue according to the provisions of relevant tax law as selling, general, and administrative expenses and incomes taxes, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the three months ended March 31, 2024, and the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2026, interest and penalties were immaterial. The Company elected to account for the U.S. tax on its Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) from its foreign subsidiaries as a period cost and, therefore included GILTI expense in its effective tax rate calculation.

[S] Fair value of financial instruments:

The Company utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those levels:

•Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s estimates of market participant assumptions.

The carrying value of finance lease receivables approximates fair value due to the interest rate implicit in the instruments approximating current market rates. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and short-term bank debt approximates their fair values due to the short period to maturity of these instruments. The fair value of the loans to external parties included in other non-current assets is determined using unobservable market data (Level 3 inputs) that represent management’s estimate of current interest rates that a commercial lender would charge borrowers. The fair value of the Company’s debt is based on observable relevant market information and future cash flows discounted at current rates, which are Level 2 measurements. The Prepayment Derivative (as defined below) within the RMB Facilities (as defined below) is classified as a Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy due to the use of at least one significant unobservable input which is the credit spread volatility (see Note 11).

Fair value measurement of financial assets and liabilities on a recurring basis (in thousands):


	As of March 31, 2026
			Fair Value
	Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3



Debt	$	280,024	$	281,081	$	—	$	281,081	$	—

Prepayment derivative	$	3,505	$	3,505	$	—	$	—	$	3,505


	As of March 31, 2025
			Fair Value
	Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Loans to external parties	$	194	$	194	$	—	$	—	$	194

Debt	$	273,792	$	275,179	$	—	$	275,179	$	—

Prepayment derivative	$	2,730	$	2,730	$	—	$	—	$	2,730

The following table shows a reconciliation from the opening balances to the closing balances for Level 3 fair values (in thousands):


	Loans to external parties		Prepayment derivative

Balance at March 31, 2024	$	—	$	2,226
Assumed in business combinations	474		—
Repayments	(294)		—
Foreign currency translation difference	14		—
Net change in fair value	—		504
Balance at March 31, 2025	194		2,730
Repayments	(207)		—
Foreign currency translation difference	13		—
Net change in fair value	—		775
Balance at March 31, 2026	$	—	$	3,505

There were no transfers between Level 1 or Level 2, or transfers in or out of Level 3, of the fair value hierarchy during the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2026.

[T] Advertising and marketing expense:

Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred and are classified as selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. Advertising and marketing expense for the year ended December 31, 2023, the three months ended March 31, 2024, and the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2026 amounted to $2,300, $1,698 $5,000 and $7,551, respectively.

[U] Foreign currency:

The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S dollar (“USD”). For businesses where the majority of the revenues are generated in USD and a substantial portion of the costs are incurred in USD, the Company’s management believes that the USD is the primary currency of the economic environment and thus their functional currency. The Company also has foreign operations where the functional currency is the local currency. For these operations, assets and liabilities are translated using the end-of-period exchange rates and revenues, expenses and cash flows are translated using average rates of exchange for the period. Equity is translated at the rate of exchange at the date of the equity transaction. Translation adjustments are recognized in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Foreign currency transaction gains and losses related to operational expenses denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the determination of net income (loss). Foreign currency transaction gains (losses) primarily related to long-term debt of $839, $(43), $(1,790) and $(3,862) for the year ended December 31, 2023, the three months ended March 31, 2024, and the years ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2026, respectively, are included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

[V] Commitments and contingencies:

From time to time, the Company is involved in various litigation matters involving claims incidental to its business and acquisitions, including employment matters, acquisition-related claims, patent infringement and contractual matters, among other issues. While the outcome of any such litigation matters cannot be predicted with certainty, management currently believes that the outcome of these proceedings, including the matters described below, either individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations or financial condition. The Company records reserves related to legal matters when losses related to such litigation or contingencies are both probable and reasonably estimable.

[W] Recently adopted accounting pronouncements:

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”), which requires disclosure of disaggregated income taxes paid, prescribes standard categories for the components of the effective tax rate reconciliation and modifies other income tax-related disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 and was adopted prospectively by the Company during the year ended March 31, 2026. See Note 17 and consolidated statements of cash flow for details.

[X] Recently issued accounting pronouncements:

In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses ” (“ASU 2024-03”), which requires disclosure in a tabular format, on an annual and interim basis, purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization and depletion for each income statement line item that contains those expenses. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect of adopting ASU 2024-3.

On September 18, 2025, the FASB released ASU 2025-06, which amends certain aspects of the accounting for, and disclosure of, software costs under ASC 350-40. The amendments also supersede the guidance on website development costs in ASC 350-50 and relocate that guidance, along with the recognition requirements for development costs specific to websites, to ASC 350-40. Although the ASU makes targeted improvements to ASC 350-40, it does not fully align the framework for accounting for internally developed software costs that are subject to ASC 350-40 with the framework applied to software to be sold or marketed externally that is subject to ASC 985-20. The FASB also chose not to amend the guidance on costs of software licenses that are within the scope of ASC 985-20. The amendments “are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods.” Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. The Company is evaluating the effect of adopting ASU 2025-06.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025‑12, Codification Improvements (“ASU 2025-12”), which includes technical corrections and clarifications to various Topics in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The amendments are intended to improve the clarity and consistency of existing guidance and are not expected to significantly change current accounting practice. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect of adopting ASU 2025-12.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025‑11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow‑Scope Improvements (“ASU 2025-11”), which clarifies the application of interim reporting guidance and improves the organization’s required interim disclosures. The standard is effective for interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027 for public business entities. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect of adopting ASU 2025-11.

[Y] Business combinations:

In accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”), the Company recognizes the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. Determining these fair values requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets.

The Company recognizes identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair value. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill or bargain purchase to the extent that it identifies adjustments to the preliminary fair values. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of operations.

[Z] Restructuring expenses

The Company records one-time employee termination benefits associated with exit or disposal activities in accordance with ASC 420-10, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (“ASC 420”), and post-employment benefits under ASC 712-10, Compensation – Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits, when such obligations are probable and reasonably estimable.

A liability for one-time termination benefits is recognized on the date the plan is communicated to affected employees, provided that no more-than-insignificant future service is required. Contract termination and other exit costs are recognized when the related obligation is incurred.

Lease-related items are accounted for in accordance with ASC 842, Leases (“ASC 842”), including right-of-use (“ROU”) asset impairments and lease modifications. Only costs that are not lease liabilities under ASC 842 and that meet the recognition criteria of ASC 420 are included in restructuring charges.

The Company reassesses expected restructuring expenses each reporting period and records adjustments to estimates, including reversals, as necessary.

[AA] Non-controlling interests

The Company presents non-controlling interests in consolidated entities within equity, separate from the equity attributable to Powerfleet stockholders, to the extent that such non-controlling interests do not have redemption features that are not solely within the control of the Company, as discussed below. Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests is presented below net income (loss) before non-controlling interest. Earnings per share is determined after the impact of the non-controlling interests’ share in net income of the Company.

[AB] Redeemable non-controlling interests

The Company presents non-controlling interests in the mezzanine (“temporary equity”) section of the consolidated balance sheets, between liabilities and equity, to the extent that such non-controlling interests have redemption features, such as a put option, that is redeemable at a fixed or determinable price on a fixed or determinable date at the option of the holder, or upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within the control of the Company. Due to its redeemable features that are outside the control of the Company, the redeemable non-controlling interest is and will continue to be reported in the mezzanine section in the consolidated balance sheets for as long as the put option is exercisable by the option holder. The carrying amount of the redeemable non-controlling interest, initially valued at fair value as part of acquisition accounting, is adjusted each reporting period to equal the greater of the (i) redemption value or (ii) carrying value of the non-controlling interest, adjusted each reporting period through income or loss attributable to the non-controlling interest and adjusted for any distributions made to date. Any measurement adjustments, if applicable, to the redeemable non-controlling interest are recognized in additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 3 herein for further details related to the redeemable non-controlling interests.