2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Liquidity and Going Concern

Since inception, the Company has historically incurred negative operating cash flows and losses from operations as the Company advances the clinical development of its products and the funding process of clinical FDA trials. These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern and although management has developed plans intended to support ongoing operations, such plans do not alleviate the substantial doubt. As of March 31, 2026, the Company has an accumulated deficit of $319,097. From February 2024 to June 2025, the Company received advances of $30,000 from term loans provided by a related party that have since been extinguished (see Note 8). In February 2024, the Company received net proceeds of $1,683 from the sale of 425,606 shares of Class A Common Stock held by the Meteora Parties. On various dates in 2024, the Company received net proceeds of $1,815 from the exercise by the Meteora Parties of Shortfall Warrants, as defined in Note 9, for 664,883 shares of Class A Common Stock (see Note 9). On various dates in 2025, the Company received net proceeds of $414 from an at-the-market offering for 300,742 shares of Class A Common Stock and $3,111 from the exercise by the Meteora Parties of Shortfall Warrants for 2,074,012 shares of Class A Common Stock (see Note 9). On September 23, 2025, the Company completed the September 2025 Offering, as defined in Note 9, and received net proceeds of $2,187 for 1,908,402 shares of Class A Common Stock. On October 9, 2025, the Company completed the October 2025 Offering, as defined in Note 9, and received net proceeds of $3,545 for 3,007,524 shares of Class A Common Stock. On February 12, 2026, the Company completed the February 2026 Offering, as defined in Note 9, and received net proceeds of $27,782 for an aggregate of (i) 47,946,150 shares of Class A Common Stock and (ii) 27,053,850 pre-funded warrants to purchase 27,053,850 shares of Class A Common Stock. The Company had cash of $25,251 as of March 31, 2026.

Management believes that its existing cash balances combined with potential proceeds from the exercise of outstanding warrants (see Note 9) and cash receipts from product sales will be sufficient to fund ongoing operations, including the Acclaim CI clinical trials, through at least one year from the date the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in achieving its strategic plans, that the Company’s cash balances and future capital raises will be sufficient to support its ongoing operations, or that any additional financing will be available in a timely manner or on acceptable terms, if at all. If the Company is unable to raise sufficient financing when needed or events or circumstances occur such that the Company does not meet its strategic plans, the Company may be required to reduce certain of its discretionary spending. The Company may be unable to develop new or enhanced production methods, or be unable to fund capital expenditures, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and ability to achieve its intended business objectives. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern and do not include adjustments to reflect the possible effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Unaudited Financial Information

The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Pursuant to these rules and regulations, they do not include all information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, considered necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Operating results for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that might be expected for the full year. As such, the information included in this report should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025, which are included in the Company’s Form 10-K. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company, but does not include all the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, there were no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and equity; disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements; and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include but are not limited to the useful lives of property and equipment, the net realizable value of inventory, product warranty liability, stock-based compensation expense, the present value of the lease liability, the fair value of the forward purchase agreement warrant liability, the private warrant liability, and the outcome of litigation. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically and the effect of changes, if any, are reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Liquidity and Going Concern

Since inception, the Company has historically incurred negative operating cash flows and losses from operations and has an accumulated deficit of $313,396 at December 31, 2025 as the Company advances the clinical development of its product and the funding process of clinical FDA trials. From February 2024 to June 2025, the Company received advances of $30,000 from term loans provided by a related party that have since been extinguished (see Note 9). In February 2024, the Company received net proceeds of $1,683 from the sale of 425,606 shares of Class A Common Stock held by the Meteora parties (see Note 1). On various dates in 2024, the Company received net proceeds of $1,815 from the exercise by the Meteora parties of Shortfall Warrants, as defined in Note 10, for 664,883 shares of Class A Common Stock (see Note 10). On various dates in 2025, the Company received net proceeds of $414 from an at-the-market “ATM” offering for 300,742 shares of Class A Common Stock (see Note 10) and $3,111 from the exercise by the Meteora parties of Shortfall Warrants for 2,074,012 shares of Class A Common Stock (see Note 10). On September 23, 2025, the Company completed a registered direct offering (the “September 2025 Offering”) and received net proceeds of $2,187 for 1,908,402 shares of Class A Common Stock (see Note 10). On October 9, 2025, the Company completed a registered direct offering (the “October 2025 Offering”) and received net proceeds of $3,545 for 3,007,524 shares of Class A Common Stock (see Note 10).

The Company had cash of $3,739 as of December 31, 2025. As discussed further in Note 18, the Company completed the February 2026 Offering (as defined in Note 18). The initial aggregate net proceeds of the February 2026 Offering were approximately $27,730, after deducting the placement agent’s fees and other offering expenses. The Company intends to use the proceeds of the February 2026 Offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes to fund its ongoing operations during the clinical trial for the Acclaim CI.

Management believes that its existing cash balances combined with the initial proceeds of the February 2026 Offering and cash receipts from product sales will be sufficient to fund ongoing operations, including the Acclaim CI clinical trials, through at least one year from the date the consolidated financial statements are issued. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in achieving its strategic plans, that the Company’s cash balances and future capital raises will be sufficient to support its ongoing operations, or that any additional financing will be available in a timely manner or on acceptable terms, if at all. If the Company is unable to raise sufficient financing when needed or events or circumstances occur such that the Company does not meet its strategic plans, the Company may be required to reduce certain of its discretionary spending. The Company may be unable to develop new or enhanced production methods, or be unable to fund capital expenditures, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and ability to achieve its intended business objectives. These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern and do not include adjustments to reflect the possible effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these consolidated financial statements include but are not limited to the useful lives of property and equipment, the net realizable value of inventory, product warranty liability, stock-based compensation expense, the fair value of the forward purchase agreement put option liability, the fair value of forward purchase agreement warrant liability, publicly traded warrant liability, private warrant liability, and the outcome of litigation. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically and the effect of changes, if any, are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Revisions

Classification of Prepaid Insurance

The Company corrected the presentation of the non-current prepaid insurance expense that was not classified as long-term assets in the previously issued audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company determined that the correction was not material to any prior annual or interim periods and therefore, amendments of previously filed reports are not required.

Classification of Accrued Interest (Related Party)

The Company corrected the presentation of the accrued interest (related party) that was not classified as a separate financial statement line item in the previously issued audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company determined that the correction was not material to any prior annual or interim periods and therefore, amendments of previously filed reports are not required.

The effect of the classification of prepaid insurance expense and accrued interest (related party) revisions on each of the impacted financial statement line items within the Company’s audited consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 was as follows:

Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers

Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable, net. Periodically, the Company maintains deposits in accredited financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company maintains its cash with financial institutions that management believes to be of high credit quality. The Company has not experienced any losses on such accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships.

With respect to accounts receivable, the Company performs credit evaluations of its customers and does not require collateral. There have been no material losses on the Company’s accounts receivable. There were no customers that accounted for 10.0% or more of sales for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. There were no customers that accounted for 10.0% or more of the accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Cash

The Company maintains cash balances in bank accounts which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. 

Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company grants credit to customers in the normal course of business, but generally does not require collateral or other security to support amounts due. Accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for credit losses. Management performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers based on financial information provided by the customer. Accounts receivable outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. The Company estimates its allowance for credit losses by considering numerous factors, including delinquency trends along with ongoing customer credit evaluations. The Company writes off accounts receivable when they become uncollectible. Payments subsequently received on such receivables are credited to the allowance for credit losses. The Company had no material bad debt expense for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. The allowance for credit losses was not material as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. The Company records write-downs of inventories that are obsolete, past the manufacturer’s recommended ‘use by’ date, or in excess of anticipated demand or net realizable value based on a consideration of marketability and product life cycle stage, historical net sales and demand forecasts which consider the assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Inventory on hand that is not expected to be sold or utilized is considered excess, and the Company recognizes the write-down in cost of goods sold at the time of such determination. The write-down is determined by the excess of cost over net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable cost of completion, disposal and transportation. At the time of loss recognition, a new cost basis is established and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances would not result in an increase in the cost basis.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Additions and improvements that extend the lives of the assets are capitalized, while expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, their costs and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and resulting gains or losses are included in operating results. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, which is three years for computer equipment, three to five years for production equipment, and five years for both lab equipment and office equipment.

Operating Leases

The Company determines if an agreement is a lease at inception. The Company elected not to recognize the right to use an underlying asset (“ROU asset”) and lease liabilities for short-term leases, which are those that have a lease term of twelve months or less, and includes renewal options in the measurement of lease liabilities only when the option to purchase or renew a lease for the underlying asset is reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company has elected as an accounting policy to account for lease components and associated non-lease components as a single component.

The Company leases its headquarters office space under an operating lease with a related party and also leases office space in Germany under an operating lease (see Note 7). The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is performed at the inception of the arrangement and as necessary at modification. An operating lease is recorded on the consolidated balance sheets with the operating lease asset representing the right to use the ROU asset for the lease term and the lease liability representing the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. The Company excludes variable lease payments when measuring the ROU asset and lease liability, except for those that depend on an index, a rate or are in-substance fixed payments.

ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. In addition, ROU assets include initial direct costs incurred by the lessee as well as any lease payments made at or before the commencement date and exclude lease incentives. The discount rate implicit within the Company’s leases is generally not determinable; therefore, the Company determines the discount rate using its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets held and used by the Company, including property and equipment and ROU assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when estimated future undiscounted cash flows related to the assets are less than its carrying value. The amount of the impairment loss to be recorded, if any, is calculated by the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. The Company did not incur any impairment charges during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company calculates the fair value of its assets and liabilities that qualify as financial instruments and includes this additional information in the notes to the consolidated financial statements when the fair value is different than the carrying value of these financial instruments. The estimated fair value of cash, accounts receivable, other receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their carrying amounts due to the relatively short maturity of these instruments. The carrying value of the operating lease liability also approximates fair value since the instrument bears market rates of interest. The carrying value of the term loans payable also approximates fair value based upon current borrowing rates with similar maturities. None of these instruments are held for trading purposes.

Fair Value Measurement

The Company determines the fair value of financial assets and liabilities using the fair value hierarchy established in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement” (“ASC 820”). ASC 820 identifies fair value as the exchange price, or exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The hierarchy describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value, as follows:

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company does not use derivative instruments to hedge exposures to cash flow, market, or foreign-currency risks. The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value on the grant date and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the other income (expense) section of the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is evaluated at the end of each reporting period. Derivative liabilities are classified in the consolidated balance sheets as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement or conversion of the instrument could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date.

The Company accounts for its publicly traded warrant liability in accordance with ASC 815-40. Accordingly, the Company recognized the warrant instruments as a liability at fair value and adjusts the instruments to fair value at each reporting period. The publicly traded warrant liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized in the change in fair value of publicly traded warrant liability line item in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The Company accounts for its Forward Purchase Agreement in accordance with ASC 815-40. Accordingly, the Company recognized the forward purchase agreement put option liability and the forward purchase agreement warrant liability at fair value at each reporting period. The forward purchase agreement put option liability and forward purchase agreement warrant liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date, and changes in fair value is recognized in the change in the forward purchase agreement put option liability and change in fair value of forward purchase agreement warrant liability line items, respectively, in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The forward purchase agreement put option liability has been derecognized as of March 31, 2024 due to the sale of the shares associated with the Forward Purchase Agreement during the first quarter of 2024. Accordingly, the forward purchase agreement put option liability is no longer presented in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The forward purchase agreement warrant liability has been amended with changes in fair value related to extending the term of the warrants recognized in change in fair value of forward purchase agreement warrant liability due to extension in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Modifications to the forward purchase warrant agreement liability that amends the exercise price to induce exercise are treated as issuance costs and offset proceeds within the consolidated statements of changes of changes in mezzanine equity and stockholders’ deficit.

SPAC Excise Tax Liability

The Company recognized an excise tax liability of $2,248 upon completion of the Company’s Business Combination as an incremental cost to repurchase the Company’s treasury shares, with an offsetting tax liability recognized. The SPAC excise tax liability is recorded in accrued expenses in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the amount of accrued excise tax was $1,928 and $2,248 in the in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, respectively.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which provides a five-step model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers as follows:

Revenue is recognized as performance obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which generally occurs as control of the promised products or services is transferred to customers. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products or services to a customer (“transaction price”). To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price using either the expected value or most likely amount method. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of the Company’s anticipated performance and all information that is reasonably available.

The Company primarily derives revenue from the sale of its hearing device products. Revenue from product sales is recognized upon transfer of control of the product to a customer, which occurs at a point in time, at the time the Company is notified the product has been implanted or used by the customer in a surgical procedure. The Company also sells prepaid Battery (see Note 8) replacement options. Revenue from extended warranty plans is recognized ratably over time and was immaterial for each of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. Amounts received from a customer prior to fulfillment of the performance obligation are included as accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets and are immaterial as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities performed as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the products; and therefore these activities are not assessed as a separate performance obligation to its customers.

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive, which is based on the invoiced price. The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation and are short-term in nature. The Company’s contracts do not include variable consideration.

Payment terms differ by geography and customer, but payment is generally required within 30 days from the date of product utilization. The Company also offers extended payment plans on a limited basis. Amounts due to the Company under payment plans that extend beyond 12 months are immaterial as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and therefore the Company did not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold is comprised of the costs of merchandise sold, as well as the related inbound freight costs and labor directly attributable to bringing certain goods to a salable condition. In categorizing costs, the Company captures applicable depreciation and costs to maintain and run revenue generating technology, equipment related costs and any personnel-related costs as cost of goods sold.

Product Warranty

The Company provides a limited warranty for its implantable components. At the time product revenue is recognized, the Company reserves for estimated future costs that may be incurred under its warranties based on historical experience. The limited warranty liability is recorded in accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the amount of accrued limited warranty was immaterial and the Company’s warranty payments were immaterial.

During 2013, the Company offered a lifetime warranty to clinical trial patients to cover batteries and surgery related costs. The Company estimates the costs that may be incurred under this lifetime warranty and records a liability in the amount of such costs at its present value. The lifetime warranty is recorded in product warranty liability in the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the aggregate product warranty liability was $1,892 and $2,053, respectively, of which $287 and $282, respectively, was classified as a current liability in the consolidated balance sheets.

Patents

All patent-related costs incurred in connection with filing and prosecuting patent applications are expensed as incurred due to the uncertainty about the recovery of the expenditure. Amounts incurred are classified as general and administrative expenses.

Research and Development Costs

Expenditures for research and development activities are charged to operations as incurred. Research and development costs include salaries, employee benefits, software, laboratory testing expenses, and other costs.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax base and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those items are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset due to the uncertainty of realizing the related benefits.

The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only to the extent the position is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit based on the technical merits of the position. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. The Company has elected to recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in the provision for income taxes.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act was signed into law in the United States, introducing a wide array of tax reform measures. These include extensions and modifications to certain provisions originally enacted under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Key changes include the immediate expensing of domestic research and development costs, the reinstatement of 100% bonus depreciation, and a new interest expense limitation based on earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. These provisions did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Foreign Currency Translation

The Euro is the functional currency for the Company’s foreign subsidiary in Germany. The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the end-of-the-period exchange rates, and the revenues and expenses are translated at weighted-average rates for the respective reporting period. Unrealized translation gains and losses are recorded as a translation adjustment, which is included in the Company’s consolidated statements of changes in mezzanine equity and stockholders’ deficit as well as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Net Loss per Share

The Company’s Series A Preferred Stock certificate of designation entitles the holders to participate in dividends on an as converted basis when declared on Class A Common Stock. As a result, the Series A Preferred Stock meets the definition of a participating security, which requires the Company to apply the two-class method to compute both basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that treats participating securities as having rights to earnings that would otherwise have been available to common stockholders. The two-class method requires income available to holders of the Company’s Class A Common Stock for the period to be allocated between common and participating securities based upon their respective rights to share in the earnings as if all income for the period had been distributed. In periods where there is a net loss, no allocation of undistributed net loss to the Series A Preferred Stock is performed as the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are not contractually obligated to participate in the Company’s losses. The Company reported net losses of $28,662 and $27,973 attributable to the stockholders of the Company’s Class A Common Stock for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Basic net loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding, plus the impact of potential common shares, if dilutive, resulting from the potential exercise of warrants or options, and the potential conversion of preferred stock or convertible notes, into Class A Common Stock, under the if-converted method. In periods where a net loss is recorded, no effect is given to potentially dilutive securities, because the effect would be anti-dilutive. 

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period. The fair value of stock-based payment awards granted through June 30, 2024 is estimated using the Black-Scholes option model with a volatility figure derived from using a determined peer group of other companies’ stock prices since the trading history of the Company’s stock was too short to provide accurate data. The fair value of stock-based payment awards granted subsequent to June 30, 2024 is estimated using the Black-Scholes option model with a volatility figure derived from using the trading history of the Company’s Class A Common Stock and from a peer group. Given limited historical exercise data, the Company accounts for the expected term of all options in all periods in accordance with the “simplified” method, which is used for “plain-vanilla” options, as defined in ASC Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). The simplified method calculates the expected term as the average of the time-to-vesting and the contractual life of the options. The risk-free interest rate was determined from the implied yields of U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with a remaining life consistent with the expected term of the options.

The Company has adopted the guidance from Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Compensation Accounting, and has determined not to apply a forfeiture rate and has made the accounting election that forfeitures will be recognized when the actual forfeiture takes place and therefore no estimated forfeiture rate will be recorded.

Stock-based payment awards to service providers are accounted for as stock-based compensation under ASC 718. These awards are measured at fair value on the grant date, with compensation cost recognized over the requisite service period. Warrants that meet equity classification criteria but contain redemption features outside the Company’s control are classified as mezzanine equity.

Segments

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) in deciding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company has determined that its CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company’s CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for the purposes of making decisions, allocating resources and evaluating performance. Consequently, the Company has determined it operates in one operating and reportable segment.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”) to simplify certain financial instruments. ASU 2020-06 eliminates the current models that require separation of beneficial conversion and cash conversion features from convertible instruments and simplifies the derivative scope exception guidance pertaining to equity classification of contracts in an entity’s own equity. The new standard also introduces additional disclosures for convertible debt and freestanding instruments that are indexed to and settled in an entity’s own equity. ASU 2020-06 amends the diluted earnings per share guidance, including the requirement to use the if-converted method for all convertible instruments. For smaller reporting companies, ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and should be applied on a full or modified retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 effective January 1, 2024. The adoption of ASU 2020-06 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), which will add required disclosures of significant expenses for each reportable segment, as well as certain other disclosures to help investors understand how the CODM evaluates segment expenses and operating results. The new standard will also allow disclosure of multiple measures of segment profitability if those measures are used to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 effective for the year ended December 31, 2024. See Note 14 for related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The standard is intended to benefit investors by providing more detailed income tax disclosures that would be useful in making capital allocation decisions. The standard is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted ASU 2023-09 effective January 1, 2025. See Note 13 for related disclosures.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”), that requires public companies to disclose, in interim and reporting periods, additional information about certain expenses in the financial statements. For public business entities, it is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted and is effective on either a prospective basis or retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2024-03 will have on the Company’s disclosures within the consolidated financial statements. 

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-11, “Topic 270 – Interim Reporting” (“ASU 2025-11”). The amendments in ASU 2025-11 clarify interim reporting requirements by improving navigability of Topic 270 and more clearly specifying what disclosures are required in interim reporting periods. The amendments also establish a principle that requires disclosure of events since the end of the last annual reporting period that have materially impacted the entity. ASU 2025-11 is effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2025-11 will have on the Company’s interim condensed consolidated financial statements.