Exhibit 3.1

 

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

 

OF

 

FACTORIAL ENERGY INC.

 

ARTICLE I

 

The name of the Corporation is Factorial Energy Inc. (the “Corporation”).

 

ARTICLE II

 

The address of the Corporation’s registered office in the State of Delaware is 1209 Orange Street, in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, 19801. The name of its registered agent at such address is The Corporation Trust Company.

 

ARTICLE III

 

The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”).

 

ARTICLE IV

 

A. CAPITAL STOCK

 

The total number of shares of capital stock that the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 750,000,000, which shall consist of two classes as follows: (a) 650,000,000 shares shall be a class designated as common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Common Stock”), which class of Common Stock shall be subdivided into two series consisting of (i) 600,000,000 shares designated as Series A common stock (the “Series A Common Stock”) and (ii) 50,000,000 shares designated as Series B common stock (the “Series B Common Stock”); and (b) 100,000,000 shares shall be a class designated as preferred stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”).

 

Except as otherwise provided in any certificate of designation of any series of Preferred Stock or in Sections 242(d)(1) or (d)(2) of the DGCL, the number of authorized shares of any class of Common Stock or Preferred Stock may from time to time be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares of such class then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereon irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the DGCL, and no vote of the holders of any of the Common Stock or the Preferred Stock voting separately as a class shall be required therefor; provided, however, that the number of authorized shares of Series B Common Stock shall not be increased or decreased without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of shares of Series B Common Stock then outstanding, voting as a separate class. For the avoidance of doubt, the elimination and reduction of the voting requirements of Section 242 of the DGCL, as permitted by Section 242(d) of the DGCL, shall apply to any amendments to this Certificate of Incorporation, as it may be amended, restated or otherwise modified from time to time, including the terms of any certificate of designations of any class or series of Preferred Stock (the “Certificate of Incorporation”).

 

The powers, preferences and rights of, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions upon, each class or series of stock shall be determined in accordance with, or as set forth below in, this Article IV.

 

B. COMMON STOCK

 

Subject to all the rights, powers and preferences of the Preferred Stock and except as provided by law or in this Certificate of Incorporation (including any certificate of designation of any series of Preferred Stock):

 

1. Voting Rights.

 

(a) General Right to Vote Together. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein or required by applicable law, the holders of Series A Common Stock and Series B Common Stock shall vote together on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders.

 

 

 

(b) Votes Per Share. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein or required by applicable law, on any matter that is submitted to a vote of the stockholders, each holder of Series A Common Stock shall be entitled to one vote for each such share held by such holder, and each holder of Series B Common Stock shall be entitled to 10 votes for each such share held by such holder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as otherwise required by law, holders of shares of Common Stock, as such, shall have no voting power with respect to, and shall not be entitled to vote on, any amendment to this Certificate of Incorporation (including any certificate of designation relating to any series of Preferred Stock) that relates solely to the terms of the Preferred Stock or one or more outstanding series thereof if the holders of such Preferred Stock or series thereof are entitled, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon under this Certificate of Incorporation (including any certificate of designation relating to any series of Preferred Stock) or under the DGCL.

 

2. Identical Rights. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein or required by applicable law, shares of Series A Common Stock and Series B Common Stock shall have the same rights and privileges and rank equally, share ratably and be identical in all respects as to all matters, including, without limitation:

 

(a) Dividends and Distributions. Subject to applicable law and the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of Preferred Stock or any class or series of stock having a preference over or the right to participate with the Common Stock with respect to the payment of any Distribution, Distributions may be declared and paid ratably on the Common Stock out of the assets of the Corporation which are legally available for this purpose at such times and in such amounts as the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board”) in its discretion shall determine. Shares of Series A Common Stock and Series B Common Stock shall be treated equally, identically and ratably, on a per share basis, with respect to any Distribution paid or distributed by the Corporation, unless different treatment of the shares of each such series is approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series A Common Stock and by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series B Common Stock, each voting separately as a series; provided, however, that in the event a Distribution is paid in the form of Series A Common Stock or Series B Common Stock (or Rights to acquire, or securities convertible into or exchangeable for, such stock, as the case may be), then holders of Series A Common Stock shall receive Series A Common Stock (or Rights to acquire, or securities convertible into or exchangeable for, such stock, as the case may be) and holders of Series B Common Stock shall receive Series B Common Stock (or Rights to acquire, or securities convertible into or exchangeable for, such stock, as the case may be) and such Distribution shall be deemed equal, identical and ratable so long as such Distribution is paid or distributed ratably on a per share basis.

 

(b) Subdivision or Combination. If the Corporation in any manner subdivides, combines or reclassifies the outstanding shares of Series A Common Stock or Series B Common Stock, then the outstanding shares of the other such series will be concurrently subdivided, combined or reclassified in the same proportion and manner to maintain the same proportionate equity ownership between the holders of the outstanding Series A Common Stock and Series B Common Stock on the record date or effective date for such subdivision, combination or reclassification, unless different treatment of the shares of each such series is approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series A Common Stock and by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series B Common Stock, each voting separately as a series.

 

(c) Equal Treatment in a Change of Control Transaction. In connection with any Change of Control Transaction, shares of Series A Common Stock and Series B Common Stock shall be treated equally, identically and ratably, on a per share basis, with respect to any consideration into which such shares are converted or any consideration paid or otherwise distributed to stockholders of the Corporation (any such consideration, “Change of Control Consideration”), provided, however, that the holders of shares of such series may receive, or have the right to elect to receive, different or disproportionate consideration in connection with such Change of Control Transaction if (1) the only difference in the per share consideration to the holders of the Series A Common Stock and Series B Common Stock is that any securities distributed to the holders of, or issuable upon the conversion of, a share of Series B Common Stock have 10 times the voting power of any securities distributed to the holder of, or issuable upon the conversion of, a share of Series A Common Stock or (2) such different or disproportionate treatment of the shares of each such series is approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series A Common Stock and by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series B Common Stock, each voting separately as a series; provided, however, for the avoidance of doubt, Change of Control Consideration shall not be deemed to include any consideration paid to or received by a person who is a holder of Series A Common Stock and/or Series B Common Stock, as applicable, pursuant to (x) any bona fide, good faith employment, consulting, severance or other compensatory arrangement (including, without limitation, any equity-based or cash compensatory award or payment) whether or not entered into in connection with such Change of Control Transaction or (y) a negotiated agreement between a holder of Series A Common Stock and/or Series B Common Stock, as applicable, with any counterparty (or affiliate thereof) to a Change of Control Transaction wherein such holder is contributing, selling, transferring or otherwise disposing of shares of the Corporation’s capital stock to such counterparty (or affiliate thereof) as part of a “rollover” or similar transaction that is approved by a majority of the Disinterested Directors then in office (or a committee of the Board comprised of Disinterested Directors) and that is in connection with such Change of Control Transaction. Any merger or consolidation of the Corporation with or into any other entity, which is not a Change of Control Transaction, shall, in addition to any approval otherwise required herein or by applicable law, require approval by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series A Common Stock and by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series B Common Stock, each voting separately as a series, unless (i) the shares of Series A Common Stock and Series B Common Stock remain outstanding and no other consideration is received in respect thereof or (ii) such shares are converted on a pro rata basis into shares of the surviving or parent entity in such transaction having identical rights to the shares of Series A Common Stock and Series B Common Stock, respectively.

 

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3. Conversion of Series B Common Stock.

 

(a) Voluntary Conversion. Each share of Series B Common Stock shall be convertible into one fully paid and nonassessable share of Series A Common Stock at the option of the holder thereof at any time upon written notice to the transfer agent of the Corporation. Such written notice shall state therein the number of shares of Series B Common Stock being converted and the name or names in which the shares of Series A Common Stock are to be registered.

 

(b) Automatic Conversion. Each share of Series B Common Stock shall automatically, without any further action by the holder thereof, convert into one fully paid and nonassessable share of Series A Common Stock upon the earlier of:

 

(i) a Transfer of such share; provided, however, that no such automatic conversion shall occur in the case of a Transfer by a Series B Stockholder to any of the persons or entities listed in clauses (A) through (H) below (each, a “Permitted Transferee”) and from any such Permitted Transferee back to such Series B Stockholder and/or any other Permitted Transferee established by or for such Series B Stockholder:

 

(A) a Family Member of such Series B Stockholder, which shall mean with respect to any natural person who is a Series B Stockholder, the spouse, domestic partner, parents, grandparents, lineal descendants, siblings and lineal descendants of siblings of such Series B Stockholder and any spouse of any such person; and provided, further, that lineal descendants shall include adopted persons, but only so long as they are adopted during minority (herein collectively referred to as “Family Members”);

 

(B) a trust solely for the benefit of such Series B Stockholder and/or one or more of such Series B Stockholder’s Family Members (except for remote contingent interests) so long as all trustees of such trust are one or more of (i) such Series B Stockholder, (ii) a Family Member of such Series B Stockholder and/or (iii) an institution or individual who is a bank or trust company, a professional trustee, investment advisor or manager, investment banker, accountant or lawyer (herein referred to as a “Qualified Trustee”); provided such Transfer does not involve any payment of cash, securities, property or other consideration to the Series B Stockholder (other than as a settlor or beneficiary of such trust) and, provided, further, that if at any time such trust ceases to meet the requirements of this subsection (B), each share of Series B Common Stock then held by the trustee or trustees of such trust shall, on the fifth calendar day following receipt by said trustee or trustees of a notice from the Corporation that it has obtained actual knowledge that the trust no longer meets the requirements of this subsection (B), unless said trust Transfers such share of Series B Common Stock to a Permitted Transferee prior to such fifth calendar day, automatically convert into one fully paid and nonassessable share of Series A Common Stock;

 

(C) the beneficiaries or trustee of a trust; so long as the original grantor of the trust (the “Grantor”) is such Series B Stockholder and such Series B Stockholder has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Series B Common Stock, provided that in the event such Grantor no longer has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Series B Common Stock, then, unless such trust Transfers such shares of Series B Common Stock to a Permitted Transferee within five calendar days after the date upon which such Grantor no longer has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Series B Common Stock, each share of Series B Common Stock then held by such trust shall automatically convert into one fully paid and nonassessable share of Series A Common Stock;

 

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(D) a trust under the terms of which such Series B Stockholder has retained a “qualified interest” within the meaning of §2702(b)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code (or successor provision) and/or a reversionary interest so long as all trustees of such trust are Qualified Trustees; provided, however, that if at any time such trust ceases to meet the requirements of this subsection (D), each share of Series B Common Stock then held by the trustee or trustees of such trust shall, on the fifth calendar day following receipt by said trustee or trustees of a notice from the Corporation that it has obtained actual knowledge that the trust no longer meets the requirements of this subsection (D), unless said trust Transfers such share of Series B Common Stock to a Permitted Transferee prior to such fifth calendar day, automatically convert into one fully paid and nonassessable share of Series A Common Stock;

 

(E) an Individual Retirement Account, as defined in Section 408(a) of the Internal Revenue Code (or successor provision), or a pension, profit sharing, stock bonus or other type of plan or trust of which such Series B Stockholder is a participant or beneficiary and which satisfies the requirements for qualification under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code (or successor provision); provided that in each case such Series B Stockholder has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Series B Common Stock held in such account, plan or trust, and provided, further, that in the event the Series B Stockholder no longer has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Series B Common Stock held by such account, plan or trust, then, unless such account Transfers such shares of Series B Common Stock to a Permitted Transferee within five calendar days after the date upon which such Series B Stockholder no longer has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Series B Common Stock, each share of Series B Common Stock then held by such account, plan or trust shall automatically convert into one fully paid and nonassessable share of Series A Common Stock;

 

(F) a corporation, partnership or limited liability company wholly and solely owned by Series B Stockholders and Permitted Transferees in which Series B Stockholders directly, or indirectly through one or more Permitted Transferees, own shares, partnership interests or membership interests, as applicable, with sufficient Voting Control in the corporation, partnership or limited liability company, as applicable, or otherwise has legally enforceable rights, such that the Series B Stockholders retain sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Series B Common Stock held by such corporation, partnership or limited liability company; provided, however, that in the event the Series B Stockholders no longer own sufficient shares, partnership interests or membership interests, as applicable, or no longer has sufficient legally enforceable rights to ensure the Series B Stockholders retain sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Series B Common Stock held by such corporation, partnership or limited liability company, as applicable, then, unless such corporation, partnership or limited liability company Transfers such shares of Series B Common Stock to a Permitted Transferee within five calendar days after the date upon which such Series B Stockholders no longer have sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Series B Common Stock, each share of Series B Common Stock then held by such corporation, partnership or limited liability company, as applicable, shall automatically convert into one fully paid and nonassessable share of Series A Common Stock;

 

(G) from a Series B Stockholder or such Series B Stockholder’s Affiliates to another Series B Stockholder or such other Series B Stockholder’s Affiliates;

 

(H) an Affiliate of a Series B Stockholder; provided, however, that the person or entity holding sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Series B Common Stock being Transferred (the “Controlling Person”) retains, directly or indirectly, sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares following such Transfer; provided, further, that in the event the Controlling Person no longer has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Series B Common Stock Transferred to such Affiliate, then, unless such Affiliate Transfers such shares of Series B Common Stock to a Permitted Transferee within five calendar days after the date upon which Controlling Person no longer has sole dispositive power and exclusive Voting Control with respect to the shares of Series B Common Stock, each such share of Series B Common Stock Transferred to such Affiliate shall automatically convert into one share of Series A Common Stock unless such transaction is otherwise approved by the Corporation;

 

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(ii) the date specified by a written notice and certification request of the Corporation to the holder of such share of Series B Common Stock requesting a certification, in a form satisfactory to the Corporation, verifying such holder’s ownership of Series B Common Stock and confirming that a conversion to Series A Common Stock has not occurred pursuant to this Article IV, Section B(3), which date shall not be less than 60 calendar days after the date of such notice and certification request; provided, however, that no such automatic conversion pursuant to this subsection (ii) shall occur in the case of a Series B Stockholder or its Permitted Transferees that furnishes a certification satisfactory to the Corporation prior to the specified date that such conversion to Series A Common Stock has not occurred pursuant to this Article IV, Section B(3); or

 

(iii) the date on which the number of Threshold Shares collectively held by a Series B Stockholder and any Permitted Transferees thereof is less than 50% of the number of shares of Series B Common Stock held by such Series B Stockholder at the Effective Time

 

(c) Automatic Conversion of All Outstanding Series B Common Stock. Each share of Series B Common Stock shall automatically, without any further action by the holder thereof, convert into one fully paid and nonassessable share of Series A Common Stock upon the earliest of:

 

(i) the date specified by affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66-2/3% of the outstanding shares of Series B Common Stock, voting as a single series;

 

(ii)  the date that is nine months following the death or Incapacity of all Founders; and

 

(iii) the date that is the seven year anniversary of the Effective Time.

 

Following such conversion, the reissuance of any shares of Series B Common Stock shall be prohibited, and the Corporation shall take all necessary action to retire each share of Series B Common Stock in accordance with Section 243 of the DGCL, including filing a certificate of retirement with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware required thereby, and upon the effectiveness of such certificate of retirement, it shall have the effect of reducing the number of authorized shares of Series B Common Stock and eliminating all references to Series B Common Stock in this Certificate of Incorporation.

 

(d) Procedures. The Corporation may, from time to time, establish such policies and procedures relating to the conversion of Series B Common Stock to Series A Common Stock in accordance with this Article IV, Section B(3) and the general administration of this dual series stock structure, including the issuance of stock certificates (or the establishment of book-entry positions) with respect thereto, as it may deem necessary or advisable, and may request that holders of shares of Series B Common Stock furnish certifications, affidavits or other proof to the Corporation as it deems necessary to verify the ownership of Series B Common Stock and to confirm that a conversion to Series A Common Stock has not occurred in accordance with Article IV, Section B(3)(b)(ii). A determination by the Board that a Transfer results in a conversion to Series A Common Stock shall be conclusive and binding.

 

(e) Immediate Effect of Conversion. In the event of a conversion of shares of Series B Common Stock to shares of Series A Common Stock pursuant to this Article IV, Section B(3), such conversion(s) shall be deemed to have been effective immediately prior to the close of business on the date that the Corporation’s transfer agent receives the written notice required under Section B(3)(a) of this Article IV, the time that the Transfer of such shares occurred under Section B(3)(b) of this Article IV, or the date specified in Section B(3)(c) of this Article IV, as applicable. Upon any conversion of Series B Common Stock to Series A Common Stock pursuant to this Article IV, Section B(3), all rights of the holder of such shares of Series B Common Stock shall cease and the person or persons in whose names or names the certificate or certificates (or book-entry position(s) representing the shares of Series A Common Stock) are to be issued shall be treated for all purposes as having become the record holder or holders of such number of shares of Series A Common Stock into which such shares of Series B Common Stock were converted. Shares of Series B Common Stock that are converted into shares of Series A Common Stock as provided in this Article IV, Section B(3) shall be retired and shall not be reissued.

 

(f) Reservation of Stock. The Corporation shall at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued shares of Series A Common Stock, solely for the purpose of effecting the conversion of the shares of Series B Common Stock pursuant to this Article IV, Section B(3), such number of its shares of Series A Common Stock as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect the conversion of all outstanding shares of Series B Common Stock into shares of Series A Common Stock.

 

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4. No Further Issuances. Except for the issuance of Series B Common Stock issuable upon the settlement, exercise or conversion of Rights outstanding at the Effective Time, a dividend payable in accordance with Article IV, Section B(3)(a) or a subdivision or reclassification in accordance with Article IV, Section B(3)(b), the Corporation shall not at any time after the Effective Time issue any additional shares of Series B Common Stock, unless such issuance is approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series B Common Stock, voting as a separate series.

 

C. PREFERRED STOCK

 

The Board or any authorized committee thereof is expressly authorized to provide by resolution or resolutions for, out of the unissued shares of Preferred Stock, the issuance of the shares of Preferred Stock in one or more series of such stock, and by filing a certificate of designation pursuant to applicable law of the State of Delaware, to establish or change from time to time the number of shares of each such series, and to fix the designations, powers, including voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers, preferences and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights of the shares of each series and any qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, all to the fullest extent now or hereafter permitted by the DGCL. The powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights of each such series of Preferred Stock, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, if any, may differ from those of any and all other series at any time outstanding. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of any series of Preferred Stock may provide that such series shall be superior or rank equally or be junior to any other series of Preferred Stock to the extent permitted by law.

 

ARTICLE V

 

The following terms, where capitalized in this Certificate of Incorporation, shall have the meanings ascribed to them in this Article V:

 

Affiliate” means with respect to any specified person, any other person who or which, directly or indirectly, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with such specified person, including, without limitation, any general partner, managing member, officer, director or manager of such person and any venture capital, private equity, investment advisor or other investment fund now or hereafter existing that is controlled by one or more general partners or managing members of, or is under common investment management (or shares the same management, advisory company or investment advisor) with, such person.

 

Change of Control Share Issuance” means the issuance by the Corporation, in a transaction or series of related transactions, of voting securities of the Corporation to any person or persons acting as a group as contemplated in Rule 13d-5(b) under the Exchange Act (or any successor provision) that immediately prior to such transaction or series of related transactions held 50% or less of the total voting power of the Corporation (assuming Series A Common Stock and Series B Common Stock each have one vote per share), such that, immediately following such transaction or series of related transactions, such person or group of persons would hold more than 50% of the total voting power of the Corporation (assuming Series A Common Stock and Series B Common Stock each have one vote per share).

 

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Change of Control Transaction” means (i) the sale, lease, exclusive license, exchange, or other disposition (other than liens and encumbrances created in the ordinary course of business, including liens or encumbrances to secure indebtedness for borrowed money that are approved by the Board, so long as no foreclosure occurs in respect of any such lien or encumbrance) of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s property and assets (which shall for such purpose include the property and assets of any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Corporation), provided that any sale, lease, exclusive license, exchange or other disposition of property or assets exclusively between or among the Corporation and any direct or indirect subsidiary or subsidiaries of the Corporation shall not be deemed a “Change of Control Transaction”; (ii) the merger, consolidation, business combination, or other similar transaction of the Corporation with any other entity, other than a merger, consolidation, business combination, or other similar transaction that would result in the voting securities of the Corporation outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity or its parent) more than 50% of the total voting power represented by the voting securities of the Corporation, surviving entity or its parent (as applicable) and more than 50% of the total number of outstanding shares of the Corporation’s, surviving entity’s or its parent’s (as applicable) capital stock, in each case as outstanding immediately after such merger, consolidation, business combination, or other similar transaction, and the stockholders of the Corporation immediately prior to the merger, consolidation, business combination, or other similar transaction own voting securities of the Corporation, the surviving entity or its parent (as applicable) immediately following the merger, consolidation, business combination, or other similar transaction in substantially the same proportions (vis-à-vis each other) as such stockholders owned the voting securities of the Corporation immediately prior to the transaction; (iii) a recapitalization, liquidation, dissolution, or other similar transaction involving the Corporation, other than a recapitalization, liquidation, dissolution, or other similar transaction that would result in the voting securities of the Corporation outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity or its parent) more than 50% of the total voting power represented by the voting securities of the Corporation, surviving entity or its parent (as applicable) and more than 50% of the total number of outstanding shares of the Corporation’s, surviving entity’s or parent’s (as applicable) capital stock, in each case as outstanding immediately after such recapitalization, liquidation, dissolution or other similar transaction, and the stockholders of the Corporation immediately prior to the recapitalization, liquidation, dissolution or other similar transaction own voting securities of the Corporation, the surviving entity or its parent immediately following the recapitalization, liquidation, dissolution or other similar transaction in substantially the same proportions (vis-à-vis each other) as such stockholders owned the voting securities of the Corporation immediately prior to the transaction; (iv) any Change of Control Share Issuance; and (v) any transfer, domestication, continuance, conversion or other similar transaction of the Corporation other than a transfer, domestication, continuance, conversion or other similar transaction that would result in the voting securities of the Corporation outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the transferred, domesticated, continued or converted entity or its parent) more than 50% of the total voting power represented by the voting securities of the Corporation, the transferred, domesticated, continued or converted entity or its parent (as applicable) and more than 50% of the total number of outstanding shares of the Corporation’s, the transferred, domesticated, continued or converted entity’s or it parent’s (as applicable) capital stock, in each case as outstanding immediately after such transfer, domestication, continuance, conversion or other similar transaction, and the stockholders of the Corporation immediately prior to the transfer, domestication, continuance, conversion or other similar transaction own voting securities of the Corporation, the transferred, domesticated, continued or converted entity of its parent (as applicable) immediately following the transfer, domestication, continuance, conversion or other similar transaction in substantially the same proportions (vis-à-vis each other) as such stockholders owned the voting securities of the Corporation immediately prior to the transaction.

 

Disinterested Directors” means the Directors who have been determined by the Board to be disinterested with respect to a particular Transfer or Change of Control Transaction, as applicable.

 

Distribution” means (i) any dividend of cash, property or shares of the Corporation’s capital stock payable to holders of shares of the Corporation’s capital stock; and (ii) any distribution to holders of shares of the Corporation’s capital stock following or in connection with any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, either voluntary or involuntary.

 

Effective Time” means the time of the completion of the transactions contemplated by that certain Business Combination Agreement, by and among Cartesian Growth Corporation III, a Cayman Islands exempted company, Fenway MS, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and Factorial Inc., a Delaware corporation, dated as of December 17, 2025.

 

Exchange Act” means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

Founder” means each of Siyu Huang and Alex Yu].

 

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Incapacity” means that such Series B Stockholder is incapable of managing such holder’s financial affairs under the criteria set forth in the applicable probate code and such incapacity has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months or is suffering from a condition that can be expected to result in death, in each case, as determined by a licensed medical practitioner jointly selected by a majority of the Disinterested Directors and such Founder or such Founder’s legal representative. In the event of a dispute regarding whether a Series B Stockholder has suffered an Incapacity, no Incapacity of such holder will be deemed to have occurred unless and until an affirmative ruling regarding such Incapacity has been made by a court of competent jurisdiction.

 

Rights” means any option, warrant, restricted stock unit, conversion right or contractual right of any kind to acquire shares of the Corporation’s authorized but unissued capital stock.

 

Securities Exchange” means, at any time, the registered national securities exchange on which the Corporation’s equity securities are then principally listed or traded, which shall be the New York Stock Exchange or Nasdaq Stock Market (or similar national quotation system of the Nasdaq Stock Market) (“Nasdaq”) or any successor exchange of either the New York Stock Exchange or Nasdaq.

 

Series B Stockholder” means (i) the registered holder of a share of Series B Common Stock issued at or prior to the Effective Time, (ii) the registered holder of any shares of Series B Common Stock that are originally issued by the Corporation after the Effective Time and (iii) any registered holder of a share of Series  B Common Stock described in clause (i) or (ii) who acquires such share of Series B Common Stock as a Permitted Transferee.

 

Trading Day” means any day on which the Securities Exchange is open for trading.

 

Threshold Shares” means, with respect to any person as of any time, the sum of (without duplication): (a) any shares of capital stock of the Corporation, including Series A Common Stock and Series B Common Stock, held by such person as of such time; and (b) any shares of capital stock of the Corporation, including Series A Common Stock and Series B Common Stock, underlying any securities (including restricted stock units, options or other convertible instruments) held by such person as of such time, whether such securities are vested or unvested, earned or unearned, or convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for such shares of capital stock, as of such time or in the future.

 

Transfer” of a share of Series B Common Stock shall mean, directly or indirectly, any sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance, hypothecation or other transfer or disposition of such share or any legal or beneficial interest in such share, whether or not for value and whether voluntary or involuntary or by operation of law. A “Transfer” shall also include, without limitation, (i) a transfer of a share of Series B Common Stock to a broker or other nominee (regardless of whether or not there is a corresponding change in beneficial ownership) or (ii) the transfer of, or entering into a binding agreement with respect to, Voting Control over a share of Series B Common Stock by proxy or otherwise; provided, however, that the following shall not be considered a “Transfer”: (a) granting a revocable proxy to officers or Directors of the Corporation at the request of the Board in connection with actions to be taken at an annual or special meeting of stockholders or by written consent in lieu of a meeting; (b) pledging shares of Series B Common Stock by a Series B Stockholder that creates a mere security interest in such shares pursuant to a bona fide loan or indebtedness transaction so long as the Series B Stockholder continues to exercise Voting Control over such pledged shares; provided, however, that a foreclosure on such shares of Series B Common Stock or other similar action by the pledgee shall constitute a “Transfer”; (c) the fact that, as of the Effective Time or at any time after the Effective Time, the spouse of any Series B Stockholder possesses or obtains an interest in such holder’s shares of Series B Common Stock arising solely by reason of the application of the community property laws of any jurisdiction, so long as no other event or circumstance shall exist or have occurred that constitutes a “Transfer” of such shares of Series B Common Stock (and provided that any transfer of shares by any holder of shares of Series B Common Stock to such holder’s spouse, including a transfer in connection with a divorce proceeding, domestic relations order or similar legal requirement, shall constitute a “Transfer” of such shares of Series B Common Stock unless otherwise exempt from the definition of Transfer); (d) entering into a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act with a broker or other nominee; provided, however, that a sale of such shares of Series B Common Stock pursuant to such plan shall constitute a “Transfer” at the time of such sale; (e) granting a proxy by a Series B Stockholder or a Series B Stockholder’s Permitted Transferees to a person designated by the Board to exercise Voting Control of shares of Series B Common Stock owned directly or indirectly, beneficially and of record, by such Series B Stockholder or such Series B Stockholder’s Permitted Transferees, or over which such Series B Stockholder has Voting Control pursuant to a proxy or voting agreements then in place, effective either (x) on the death of such Series B Stockholder or (y) during any Incapacity of such Series B Stockholder, including the exercise of such proxy by the person designated by the Board; (f) entering into a (I) support, voting, tender or similar agreement, or arrangement (with or without granting a proxy) or (II) a “rollover” or similar agreement or arrangement that, in each case, is approved by a majority of the Disinterested Directors then in office (or a committee of the Board comprised of Disinterested Directors) and is in connection with a Change of Control Transaction; provided, however, that such Change of Control Transaction was approved by a majority of the Disinterested Directors then in office (or a committee of the Board comprised of Disinterested Directors) or (g) any grant of a proxy to, or entering into a voting agreement or similar arrangement with, any other Founder or Affiliate of such Founder.

 

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Voting Control” with respect to a share of Series B Common Stock means the exclusive power (whether directly or indirectly) to vote or direct the voting of such share of Series B Common Stock by proxy, voting agreement, or otherwise; provided, however, that the following shall not be considered a loss or other diminishment of “Voting Control”: (a) granting a revocable proxy to officers or Directors of the Corporation at the request of the Board in connection with actions to be taken at an annual or special meeting of stockholders or by written consent in lieu of a meeting; (b) pledging shares of Series B Common Stock by a holder that creates a mere security interest in such shares pursuant to a bona fide loan or indebtedness transaction so long as the holder continues to exercise voting control over such pledged shares; provided, however, that a foreclosure on such shares of Series B Common Stock or other similar action by the pledgee shall constitute a loss of “Voting Control”; (c) the fact that, as of the Effective Time or at any time after the Effective Time, the spouse of any holder possesses or obtains an interest in such holder’s shares of Series B Common Stock arising solely by reason of the application of the community property laws of any jurisdiction, so long as no other event or circumstance shall exist or have occurred that constitutes a loss of “Voting Control” of such shares of Series B Common Stock (and provided that any transfer of voting control over shares held by any holder of shares of Series B Common Stock to such holder’s spouse, including a transfer of voting control in connection with a divorce proceeding, domestic relations order or similar legal requirement, shall constitute a loss of “Voting Control” of such shares of Series B Common Stock unless otherwise provided herein); (d) entering into a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act with a broker or other nominee; provided, however, that a sale of such shares of Series B Common Stock pursuant to such plan shall constitute a loss of “Voting Control” at the time of such sale; (e) granting a proxy by a Series B Stockholder or a Series B Stockholder’s Permitted Transferees to a person designated by the Board to exercise Voting Control of shares of Series B Common Stock owned directly or indirectly, beneficially and of record, by such Series B Stockholder or such Series B Stockholder’s Permitted Transferees, or over which such Series B Stockholder has Voting Control pursuant to a proxy or voting agreements then in place, effective either (I) on the death of such Series B Stockholder or (II) during any Incapacity of such Series B Stockholder, including the exercise of such proxy by the person designated by the Board; (f) entering into a (I) support, voting, tender or similar agreement, or arrangement (with or without granting a proxy) or (II) a “rollover” or similar agreement or arrangement that, in each case, is approved by a majority of the Disinterested Directors then in office (or a committee of the Board comprised of Disinterested Directors) and is in connection with a Change of Control Transaction; provided, however, that such Change of Control Transaction was approved by a majority of the Disinterested Directors then in office (or a committee of the Board comprised of Disinterested Directors); or (g) any grant of a proxy to, or entering into a voting agreement or similar arrangement with, any Founder or Affiliate of such Founder.

 

Voting Threshold Date” means the first date on which the outstanding shares of Series B Common Stock represent less than a majority of the total voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of Directors.

 

ARTICLE VI

 

A. STOCKHOLDER ACTION

 

1. Action without Meeting. Subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of shares of Preferred Stock, from and after the Voting Threshold Date, any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders and may not be taken or effected by a consent of stockholders in lieu thereof. Subject to the rights of the holders of any shares of Preferred Stock, before the Voting Threshold Date, any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote if: (x) the action is first recommended or approved by the Board and (y) a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, is signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares of the Corporation’s stock entitled to vote thereon were present and voted.

 

2. Special Meetings. Except as otherwise required by statute and subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of shares of any series of Preferred Stock, special meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation may be called only by the Board, and special meetings of stockholders may not be called by any other person or persons. Only those matters set forth in the notice of the special meeting may be considered or acted upon at a special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation.

 

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ARTICLE VII

 

A. DIRECTORS

 

1. General. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board except as otherwise provided herein or required by law.

 

2. Number of Directors; Term of Office. Except as otherwise provided for or fixed pursuant to the provisions of Article IV (including any certificate of designation with respect to any series of Preferred Stock) and this Article VII relating to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect additional Directors, the number of Directors of the Corporation (the “Directors”) shall be fixed solely and exclusively by resolution duly adopted from time to time by the Board. The Directors, other than those who may be elected by the holders of any series of Preferred Stock, shall be classified, with respect to the term for which they severally hold office, into three classes. The term of office of the initial Class I Directors shall expire at the first regularly scheduled annual meeting of stockholders following the Effective Time. The term of office of the initial Class II Directors shall expire at the second annual meeting of stockholders following the Effective Time. The term of office of the initial Class III Directors shall expire at the third annual meeting of stockholders following the Effective Time. The Board is authorized to assign members of the Board already in office to such classes at the time the classification of the Board becomes effective. At each annual meeting of stockholders, Directors elected to succeed those Directors whose terms expire shall be elected for a term of office to expire at the third succeeding annual meeting of stockholders after their election. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Directors elected to each class shall hold office until their successors are duly elected and qualified or until their earlier resignation, death, disqualification or removal. No decrease in the number of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent Director. There shall be no cumulative voting in the election of Directors. Election of Directors need not be by written ballot unless the Bylaws of the Corporation so provide.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, whenever, pursuant to the provisions of Article IV of this Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of any one or more series of Preferred Stock shall have the right, voting separately as a series or together with holders of other such series, to elect additional Directors, the election, term of office, filling of vacancies and other features of such directorships shall be governed by the terms of this Certificate of Incorporation including any certificate of designation applicable to such series of Preferred Stock. During any period when the holders of any series of Preferred Stock, voting separately as a series or together with one or more series, have the right to elect additional Directors, then upon commencement and for the duration of the period during which such right continues: (i) the then otherwise total authorized number of Directors of the Corporation shall automatically be increased by such specified number of Directors, and the holders of such Preferred Stock shall be entitled to elect the additional Directors so provided for or fixed pursuant to said provisions, and (ii) each such additional Director shall serve until such Director’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified, or until such Director’s right to hold such office terminates pursuant to said provisions, whichever occurs earlier, subject to his or her earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Incorporation, except as otherwise provided by the Board in the resolution or resolutions establishing such series, whenever the holders of any series of Preferred Stock having such right to elect additional Directors are divested of such right pursuant to the provisions of such stock, the terms of office of all such additional Directors elected by the holders of such stock, or elected to fill any vacancies resulting from the death, resignation, disqualification or removal of such additional Directors, shall forthwith terminate (in which case each such Director shall thereupon cease to be qualified as, and shall cease to be, a Director) and the total authorized number of Directors of the Corporation shall automatically be reduced accordingly.

 

3. Vacancies and Newly Created Directorships. Subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect Directors and to fill vacancies in the Board relating thereto, any and all vacancies and newly created directorships in the Board, however occurring, including, without limitation, by reason of an increase in the size of the Board, or the death, resignation, disqualification or removal of a Director, shall be filled solely and exclusively by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining Directors then in office, even if less than a quorum of the Board, or by a sole remaining Director, and not by the stockholders. Any Director appointed in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of Directors in which the new directorship was created or the vacancy occurred and until such Director’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation, disqualification, death or removal. Subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect Directors, when the number of Directors is increased or decreased, the Board shall, subject to Article VII, Section 2 hereof, determine the class or classes to which the increased or decreased number of Directors shall be apportioned. In the event of a vacancy in the Board, the remaining Directors, except as otherwise provided by law, shall exercise the powers of the full Board until the vacancy is filled.

 

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4. Removal. Subject to the rights, if any, of any series of Preferred Stock to elect Directors and to remove any Director whom the holders of any such series have the right to elect, any Director (including persons elected by Directors to fill vacancies on the Board) may be removed from office (i) only for cause and (ii) only by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than 2/3 of the voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock then entitled to vote at an election of Directors. At least 45 days prior to any annual or special meeting of stockholders at which it is proposed that any Director be removed from office, written notice of such proposed removal and the alleged grounds thereof shall be sent to the Director whose removal will be considered at the meeting.

 

ARTICLE VIII

 

A. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

 

1. Directors. To the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended from time to time, a Director of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of his or her fiduciary duty as a Director, except for liability (a) for any breach of the Director’s duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders, (b) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (c) under Section 174 of the DGCL or (d) for any transaction from which the Director derived an improper personal benefit. If the DGCL is amended after the effective date of this Certificate of Incorporation to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of Directors, then the liability of a Director of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as so amended.

 

2. Officers. To the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended from time to time, an Officer (as defined below) of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of his or her fiduciary duty as an officer of the Corporation, except for liability (a) for any breach of the Officer’s duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders, (b) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (c) for any transaction from which the Officer derived an improper personal benefit, or (d) arising from any claim brought by or in the right of the Corporation. If the DGCL is amended after the effective date of this Certificate of Incorporation to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of Officers, then the liability of an Officer of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as so amended. For purposes of this Article VIII, “Officer” shall mean an individual who has been duly appointed as an officer of the Corporation and who, at the time of an act or omission as to which liability is asserted, is deemed to have consented to service by the delivery of process to the registered agent of the Corporation as contemplated by 10 Del. C. § 3114(b).

 

3. Amendment or Modification. Any amendment, repeal or modification of this Article VIII or any amendment to the DGCL shall not adversely affect any right or protection existing at the time of such amendment, repeal or modification with respect to any acts or omissions occurring before such amendment, repeal or modification of a person serving as a Director or Officer, as applicable, at the time of such amendment, repeal or modification.

 

ARTICLE IX

 

A. AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS

 

1. Amendment by Directors. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Bylaws of the Corporation may be adopted, amended or repealed by the Board by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Directors then in office.

 

2. Amendment by Stockholders. Except as otherwise provided therein, the Bylaws of the Corporation may be amended or repealed by the stockholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 2/3 of the voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote on such amendment or repeal, voting together as a single class; provided, however, that if the Board recommends that stockholders approve such amendment or repeal, such amendment or repeal shall only require the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote on such amendment or repeal, voting together as a single class.

 

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ARTICLE X

 

A. AMENDMENT OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

 

The Corporation reserves the right to amend or repeal this Certificate of Incorporation in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by statute and this Certificate of Incorporation, and all rights conferred upon stockholders herein are granted subject to this reservation. For the avoidance of doubt, the provisions of Sections 242(d)(1) and (d)(2) of the DGCL shall apply to the Corporation.

 

ARTICLE XI

 

The name of the incorporator is Peter Yu, and the address of the incorporator is 505 Fifth Avenue, 15th Floor, New York, New York 10017.

 

[Signature Page Follows]

 

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THIS CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION is executed on this 4th day of June, 2026.

 

FACTORIAL ENERGY INC.  
   
By:  /s/ Peter Yu  
Name: Peter Yu   
Title: Chief Executive Officer   

 

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