Note 1—Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of IDT Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “IDT”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending  July 31, 2026. The balance sheet at  July 31, 2025 has been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, please refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended  July 31, 2025 (the “2025 Form 10-K”), as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

The Company’s fiscal year ends on July 31 of each calendar year. Each reference below to a fiscal year refers to the fiscal year ending in the calendar year indicated (e.g., fiscal 2026 refers to the fiscal year ending  July 31, 2026).

As of  April 30, 2026, the Company owned 94.0% of the outstanding shares of its subsidiary, net2phone 2.0, Inc. (“net2phone 2.0”), which owns and operates the net2phone segment, and 82.3% of the outstanding shares of National Retail Solutions, Inc. (“NRS”). On a fully diluted basis, assuming all the vesting criteria related to various rights granted have been met, the Company would own 89.9% of the equity of net2phone 2.0 and 80.2% of the equity of NRS.

Reclassifications

During the nine months ended April 30, 2026, the Company reclassified certain prepaid expenses to trade accounts receivable. Accordingly, in the condensed consolidated balance sheet at  July 31, 2025, $2.1 million previously reported within “Other current assets” was reclassified to “Trade accounts receivable,” and in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended April 30, 2025, $0.4 million previously reported within “Prepaid expenses, other current assets, and other assets” was reclassified to “Trade accounts receivable”.

During the nine months ended April 30, 2026, the Company reclassified in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows certain amount to settlement assets and disbursement prefunding that were previously included together with “Prepaid expenses, other current assets, and other assets.” In the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended April 30, 2025, $16.8 million previously included within “Settlement assets and disbursement prefunding” was reclassified to be presented as a separate line item.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which enhances income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This guidance also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures.

The adoption of this update will be applied on a prospective basis and will require the Company to expand its income tax disclosures beginning with its Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ending  July 31, 2026, which includes further disaggregation of the income tax expense into federal, state, and foreign categories, enhanced detail in the effective tax rate reconciliation, and disclosure of income taxes paid by significant jurisdictions.

In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05 – Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets, which amends ASC 326-20 to provide a practical expedient related to the estimation of expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets that arise from transactions accounted for under ASC 606. The amendments are effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning on August 1, 2026. The practical expedient in ASU 2025-05 allows the Company to simplify estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and contract assets by assuming that current conditions as of the balance sheet date will not change over the asset's remaining life. This aims to reduce the complexity and cost of developing forecasts for these assets under the CECL model for ASC 606-related transactions. This amendment does not have an impact on the Company's current estimation process. The Company elected to early adopt the practical expedient during the nine months ended April 30, 2026. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.