<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:019ea77d-e3e8-793b-972c-3debc9783b8d,g:6ebe0746-e788-46e2-b711-eae996034e01-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.schrodinger.com/role/Cover" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="sdgr-20260605.xsd#Cover"/>
  <link:presentationLink xlink:role="http://www.schrodinger.com/role/Cover" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType_019ea77d-e3e8-79bd-899b-88cdfe8f44b5" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentType_019ea77d-e3e8-79bd-899b-88cdfe8f44b5" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_019ea77d-e3e8-7135-b722-4c1a02abfdd7" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_019ea77d-e3e8-7135-b722-4c1a02abfdd7" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_019ea77d-e3e8-7fdb-98e4-1a224a68b631" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="3" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_019ea77d-e3e8-7fdb-98e4-1a224a68b631" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_019ea77d-e3e8-7572-b605-ec83ab070be5" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="4" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_019ea77d-e3e8-7572-b605-ec83ab070be5" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_019ea77d-e3e8-7727-b6ed-c623aeb944b3" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="5" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_019ea77d-e3e8-7727-b6ed-c623aeb944b3" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_019ea77d-e3e8-7cc7-a36c-60e236dfde15" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="6" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_019ea77d-e3e8-7cc7-a36c-60e236dfde15" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_019ea77d-e3e8-7c5f-8456-fc094825b129" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="7" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_019ea77d-e3e8-7c5f-8456-fc094825b129" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_019ea77d-e3e8-7085-b28b-dbf288321d1b" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="8" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_019ea77d-e3e8-7085-b28b-dbf288321d1b" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_019ea77d-e3e8-7826-95f7-51985790b812" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="9" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_019ea77d-e3e8-7826-95f7-51985790b812" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_019ea77d-e3e8-7026-ade9-13259f049cce" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="10" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_019ea77d-e3e8-7026-ade9-13259f049cce" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_019ea77d-e3e8-797b-88c2-2cab165eb2e8" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="11" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_019ea77d-e3e8-797b-88c2-2cab165eb2e8" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_019ea77d-e3e8-7bce-8c3c-6e50bfa4719a" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="12" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_019ea77d-e3e8-7bce-8c3c-6e50bfa4719a" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_019ea77d-e3e8-7ba4-857d-9c247d9be17f" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="13" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_019ea77d-e3e8-7ba4-857d-9c247d9be17f" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_019ea77d-e3e8-7d54-b842-eb740d25c6e4" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="14" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_019ea77d-e3e8-7d54-b842-eb740d25c6e4" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial_019ea77d-e3e8-75d1-a938-610629366f4c" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="15" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial_019ea77d-e3e8-75d1-a938-610629366f4c" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_019ea77d-e3e8-7d4f-8f8c-3ae7b969717d" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="16" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_019ea77d-e3e8-7d4f-8f8c-3ae7b969717d" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_019ea77d-e3e8-7d4d-a517-12e3ee8f0b15" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="17" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_019ea77d-e3e8-7d4d-a517-12e3ee8f0b15" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_Security12bTitle_019ea77d-e3e8-72d6-9921-a088bf005191" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="18" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_Security12bTitle_019ea77d-e3e8-72d6-9921-a088bf005191" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_019ea77d-e3e8-78e4-ac37-eaa64eedfe4f" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="19" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_019ea77d-e3e8-78e4-ac37-eaa64eedfe4f" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName_019ea77d-e3e8-75de-bd08-62ad4c162284" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="20" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName_019ea77d-e3e8-75de-bd08-62ad4c162284" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_019ea77d-e3e8-7cf2-8136-05973aaa695c" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="21" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_019ea77d-e3e8-7cf2-8136-05973aaa695c" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_019ea77d-e3e8-74ef-9c66-c10bd0d2fdc5" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="22" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_019ea77d-e3e8-74ef-9c66-c10bd0d2fdc5" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_019ea77d-e3e8-74b1-bcf5-b24b12e59869" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="23" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ea77d-e3e8-702b-9056-feb2ae0676d4" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_019ea77d-e3e8-74b1-bcf5-b24b12e59869" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
  </link:presentationLink>
</link:linkbase>
