<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:019e9939-2667-77ca-9618-ed28c9207db0,g:9dc8c787-0860-4f86-9665-2b72b856d38e-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:nfe="http://newfortressenergy.com/20260605" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://newfortressenergy.com/20260605">
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei-sub/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-sub-2026.xsd"/>
  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:appinfo/>
  </xs:annotation>
</xs:schema>