Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
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| Nature of Operations | 1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Nature of Operations. STERIS is a leading global provider of products and services that support patient care with an emphasis on infection prevention. WE HELP OUR CUSTOMERS CREATE A HEALTHIER AND SAFER WORLD by providing innovative healthcare and life science products and services around the globe. We offer our Customers a unique mix of innovative products and services. These include: consumable products, such as detergents, endoscopy accessories, barrier products, instruments and tools; services, including equipment installation and maintenance, microbial reduction of medical devices, instrument and scope repair, laboratory testing, and outsourced reprocessing; capital equipment, such as sterilizers, surgical tables, and automated endoscope reprocessors; and connectivity solutions such as operating room (“OR”) integration. We operate and report our financial information in three reportable business segments: Healthcare, Applied Sterilization Technologies ("AST"), and Life Sciences. Previously, we had four reportable business segments, however, as a result of the fiscal 2025 divestiture of our Dental segment, Dental is presented as discontinued operations. Historical information has been retrospectively adjusted to reflect these changes for comparability purposes, as required. We describe our business segments in Note 13 titled "Business Segment Information." Our fiscal year ends on March 31. References in this Annual Report to a particular "year," "fiscal," "fiscal year," or "year-end" mean our fiscal year. The significant accounting policies applied in preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company are summarized below. Principles of Consolidation. We use the consolidation method to report our investment in our subsidiaries. Therefore, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. We eliminate intercompany accounts and transactions when we consolidate these financial statements. Investments in equity of unconsolidated affiliates, over which the Company has significant influence, but not control, over the financial and operating polices, are accounted for primarily using the equity method. Transactions between the Company and our unconsolidated affiliates are eliminated to the extent of the Company's ownership interest until such amounts are realized through transactions with third parties. Our reporting currency is United States Dollars (USD). Columns and rows within tables may not add due to rounding. Percentages have been calculated using actual, non-rounded figures. Discontinued Operations. On April 11, 2024, the Company announced its plan to sell substantially all of the net assets of its Dental segment for total cash consideration of $787.5 million, subject to customary adjustments, and up to an additional $12.5 million in contingent payment had the Dental business achieved certain revenue targets in fiscal 2025. No amounts have been recorded or are expected to be recorded with respect to this contingent consideration. The transaction was structured as an equity sale and closed on May 31, 2024. A component of an entity is reported in discontinued operations after meeting the criteria for held for sale classification if the disposition represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on the entity's operations and financial results. We analyzed the quantitative and qualitative factors relevant to the divestiture of our Dental segment and determined that those conditions for discontinued operations presentation had been met prior to March 31, 2024. The Dental segment results of operations have been classified as income (loss) from discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Income for all periods presented. Our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows include the financial results of the Dental segment through the date of sale on May 31, 2024. For additional information regarding this transaction and its effect on our financial reporting, refer to Note 4 titled, "Discontinued Operations" and Note 13 titled, "Business Segment Information." Use of Estimates. We make certain estimates and assumptions when preparing financial statements according to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the financial statement dates and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. These estimates and assumptions involve judgments with respect to many factors that are difficult to predict and are beyond our control. Actual results could be materially different from these estimates. We revise the estimates and assumptions as new information becomes available. Cash Equivalents. Cash equivalents are all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. We invest our excess cash in short-term instruments including money market funds, money market deposit accounts, bank savings accounts, and time deposits with major banks and financial institutions. We select investments in accordance with the criteria established in our investment policy. Our investment policy specifies, among other things, maturity, credit quality and concentration restrictions with the objective of preserving capital and maintaining adequate liquidity. Revenue Recognition and Associated Liabilities. Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of the contract are satisfied and control of the promised products or services have transferred to the Customer. Revenues are measured at the amount of consideration that we expect to be paid in exchange for the products or services. Product revenues are recognized when control passes to the Customer, which is generally based on contract or shipping terms. Service revenues are recognized when the Customer benefits from the service, which occurs either upon completion of the service or as it is provided to the Customer. Our Customers include end users as well as dealers and distributors who market and sell our products. Our revenues are not contingent upon resale by the dealer or distributor, and we have no further obligations related to bringing about resale. Our standard return and restocking fee policies are applied to sales of products. Shipping and handling costs charged to Customers are included in Product revenues. The associated expenses are treated as fulfillment costs and are included in Cost of revenues. Revenues are reported net of sales and value-added taxes collected from Customers. We have individual Customer contracts that offer discounted pricing. Dealers and distributors may be offered sales incentives in the form of rebates. We reduce revenues for discounts and estimated returns, rebates, and other similar allowances in the same period the related revenues are recorded. The reduction in revenues for these items is estimated based on historical experience and trend analysis to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenues will not occur. Estimated returns are recorded gross on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In transactions that contain multiple performance obligations, such as when products, maintenance services, and other services are combined, we recognize revenues as each product is delivered or service is provided to the Customer. We allocate the total arrangement consideration to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price, which is the price for the product or service when it is sold separately. Payment terms vary by the type and location of the Customer and the products or services offered. Generally, the time between when revenues are recognized and when payment is due is not significant. We do not evaluate whether the selling price contains a financing component for contracts that have a duration of less than one year. We do not capitalize sales commissions as substantially all of our sales commission programs have an amortization period of one year or less. Certain costs to fulfill a contract are capitalized and amortized over the term of the contract if they are recoverable, directly related to a contract and generate resources that we will use to fulfill the contract in the future. At March 31, 2026, assets related to costs to fulfill a contract were not material to our consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 13 titled, "Business Segment Information" for disaggregation of revenues. Product Revenues Product revenues consist of revenues generated from sales of consumables and capital equipment. These contracts are primarily based on a Customer’s purchase order and may include a distributor, dealer or group purchasing organization ("GPO") agreement. We recognize revenues for sales of products when control passes to the Customer, which generally occurs either when the products are shipped or when they are received by the Customer. Revenues related to capital equipment products are deferred until installation is complete if the capital equipment and installation are highly integrated and form a single performance obligation. Service Revenues Within our Healthcare and Life Sciences segments, Service revenues include revenues generated from parts and labor associated with the maintenance, repair and installation of capital equipment. These contracts are primarily based on a Customer’s purchase order and may include a distributor, dealer, or GPO agreement. For maintenance, repair and installation of capital equipment, revenues are recognized upon completion of the service. Healthcare service revenues also include outsourced reprocessing services and instrument repairs. Contracts for outsourced reprocessing services are primarily based on an agreement with a Customer, ranging in length from several months to 20 years. Outsourced reprocessing services revenues are recognized ratably over the contract term using a time-based input measure, adjusted for volume and other performance metrics, to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenues will not occur. Contracts for instrument repairs are primarily based on a Customer’s purchase order, and the associated revenues are recognized upon completion of the repair. We also offer preventive maintenance and separately priced extended warranty agreements to our Customers, which require us to maintain and repair products over the duration of the contract. Generally, these contract terms are cancellable without penalty and range from one to five years. Amounts received under these Customer contracts are initially recorded as a service liability and are recognized as Service revenues ratably over the contract term using a time-based input measure. Within our AST segment, Service revenues include contract sterilization and laboratory services, as well as service support for our installed base of capital equipment. Sales contracts for contract sterilization and laboratory services are primarily based on a Customer’s purchase order and associated Customer agreement, and revenues are generally recognized upon completion of the service. Contract Liabilities Payments received from Customers are based on invoices or billing schedules as established in contracts with Customers. Deferred revenue is recorded when payment is received in advance of performance under the contract. Deferred revenues are recognized as revenues upon completion of the performance obligation, which generally occurs within one year. During fiscal 2026, we recognized revenues of $51.5 million that were included in our contract liability balance at the beginning of the period. During fiscal 2025, we recognized revenues of $65.1 million that were included in our contract liability balance at the beginning of the period. Refer to Note 9 titled, "Additional Consolidated Balance Sheet Information" for deferred revenues balances. Service Liabilities Payments received in advance of performance for cancellable preventive maintenance and separately priced extended warranty contracts are recorded as service liabilities. Service liabilities are recognized as revenues as performance is rendered under the contract. Refer to Note 9 titled, "Additional Consolidated Balance Sheet Information" for service liability balances. Remaining Performance Obligations Remaining performance obligations reflect only the performance obligations related to agreements for which we have a firm commitment from a Customer to purchase, and exclude variable consideration related to unsatisfied performance obligations. With regard to products, these remaining performance obligations include orders for capital equipment and consumables where control of the products has not passed to the Customer. With regard to service, these remaining performance obligations primarily include installation, certification, and outsourced reprocessing services. As of March 31, 2026, the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was approximately $1,366.2 million. We expect to recognize approximately 56% of the transaction price within one year and approximately 35% beyond one year. The remainder has yet to be scheduled for delivery. Accounts Receivable. Accounts receivable are presented at their face amount, less allowances for sales returns and uncollectible accounts. Accounts receivable consist of amounts billed and currently due from Customers and amounts earned but unbilled. We may obtain and perfect a security interest in products sold where allowed by laws and regulations when we have a concern with the Customer's risk profile. We maintain an allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable for estimated losses in the collection of amounts owed by Customers. We estimate the allowance based on analyzing a number of factors, including amounts written off historically, Customer payment practices, and general economic conditions. We also analyze significant Customer accounts on a regular basis and record a specific allowance when we become aware of a specific Customer’s inability to pay. As a result, the related accounts receivable are reduced to an amount that we reasonably believe is collectible. We maintain an allowance for sales returns based upon known returns and estimated returns for both capital equipment and consumables. We estimate returns of capital equipment and consumables based upon recent historical experience. Inventories, net. Inventories are stated at the lower of their cost and net realizable value determined by the first-in, first-out cost method. Inventory costs include material, labor, and overhead. We review inventory on an ongoing basis, considering factors such as deterioration, obsolescence, and other items. We record an allowance for estimated losses when the facts and circumstances indicate that particular inventories will not be usable. If future market conditions vary from those projected, and our estimates prove to be inaccurate, we may be required to write-down inventory values and record an adjustment to Cost of revenues. Property, Plant, and Equipment. Our property, plant, and equipment consists of land and land improvements, buildings and leasehold improvements, machinery and equipment, information systems, cobalt-60, and construction in progress. Property, plant, and equipment are presented at cost less accumulated depreciation and depletion. We capitalize additions and improvements. Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as they are incurred. Land is not depreciated and construction in progress is not depreciated until placed in service. Depreciation of most assets is computed on the cost less the estimated salvage value by using the straight-line method over the estimated remaining useful lives. Depletion of radioisotope is computed using the annual decay factor of the material, which is similar to the sum-of-the-years-digits method. We generally depreciate or deplete property, plant, and equipment over the useful lives presented in the following table:
When we sell, retire, or dispose of property, plant, and equipment, we remove the asset’s cost and accumulated depreciation from our Consolidated Balance Sheet. We recognize the net gain or loss on the sale or disposition in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the period when the transaction occurs. Interest. We capitalize interest costs incurred during the construction of long-lived assets. We capitalized interest costs of $12.0 million and $7.2 million for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Total interest expense for the years ended March 31, 2026, 2025, and 2024 was $60.7 million, $86.3 million, and $144.4 million, respectively. Identifiable Intangible Assets. Our identifiable intangible assets include product technology rights, trademarks, licenses, non-compete agreements, and Customer and vendor relationships. We record these assets at cost, or when acquired as part of a business acquisition, at estimated fair value. Determining the fair value of identifiable intangible assets requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to forecasted revenue growth rates, forecasted profit margins, and Customer attrition rates, among other items. We generally amortize identifiable intangible assets over periods ranging from 5 to 20 years using the straight-line method. Our intangible assets also include indefinite lived assets including certain trademarks and tradenames that were acquired in connection with business combinations. These assets are tested at least annually for impairment. Investments. Investments in marketable securities are stated at fair value. Changes in the fair value of these investments are recorded in the Other (income) expense line of the Consolidated Statements of Income. Investments without readily determinable fair values, are measured at cost, less any impairment, adjusted for changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. The cost of equity method investments includes the purchase price plus transaction-related costs that are directly attributable to the investments. The investments are subsequently adjusted to recognize the Company's proportionate share of the investees' earnings or losses, distributions received, amortization of basis differences, and impairments, if any, with the impacts on our earnings recorded within Other (income) expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Where the cost of the Company's investment exceeds our proportionate share of the underlying book value of our investees' net assets, the excess is attributed to basis differences between the fair value and carrying amount of the identifiable assets and liabilities. Basis differences associated with depreciable or amortizable assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. These investments are included in Other assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Asset Impairment Losses. Property, plant, equipment, and identifiable intangible assets are reviewed for impairment when indicators of impairment exist and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. Impaired assets are recorded at the lower of carrying value or estimated fair value. We monitor for such indicators on an ongoing basis and if an impairment exists, we record the loss in the Consolidated Statements of Income during that period. We also evaluate our equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment may not be recoverable. Asset Retirement Obligations. We incur retirement obligations for certain assets. We record initial liabilities for the asset retirement obligations ("ARO") at fair value. Recognition of ARO includes estimating the present value of a liability and offsetting asset, the subsequent accretion of that liability and depletion of the asset, and a periodic review of the ARO liability estimates and discount rates used in the analysis. We provide additional information about our asset retirement obligations in Note 7 titled, “Property, Plant, and Equipment.” Acquisitions of Business. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination are accounted for at fair value on the date of acquisition. Costs related to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Goodwill. We perform our annual impairment test for goodwill in the third quarter of each year. We may consider qualitative indicators of the fair value of a reporting unit when it is unlikely that a reporting unit has impaired goodwill. We may also utilize a discounted cash flow analysis that requires certain assumptions and estimates be made regarding market conditions and our future profitability. We review the book value compared to the fair value at the reporting unit level. We calculate the fair value of our reporting units based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. Management's judgment is necessary to evaluate the impact of operating and macroeconomic changes and to estimate future cash flows to measure fair value. Assumptions used in our impairment evaluations, such as forecasted growth rates and cost of capital, are consistent with internal projections, strategic plans, and operating plans. We believe such assumptions and estimates are also comparable to those that would be used by other marketplace participants. Self-Insurance Liabilities. We record a liability for self-insured risks that we retain for general and product liabilities, workers’ compensation, and automobile liabilities based on actuarial calculations. We use our historical loss experience and actuarial methods to calculate the liability. This liability includes estimates for both known losses and incurred but not reported claims. We review the assumptions used to calculate the estimated liability at least annually to evaluate the adequacy of the amount recorded. We maintain insurance policies to cover losses greater than our estimated liability, which are subject to the terms and conditions of those policies. We are also self-insured for certain employee medical claims. We estimate a liability for incurred but not reported claims based upon recent claims experience. Liability amounts are recorded in the "Accrued expenses and other" and "Other liabilities" lines of our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Benefit Plans. We sponsor defined benefit pension plans. We also sponsor a post-retirement benefits plan for certain former employees. We determine our costs and obligations related to these plans by evaluating input from third-party professional advisers. These costs and obligations are affected by assumptions including the discount rate, expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, the annual rate of change in compensation for eligible employees, estimated changes in costs of healthcare benefits, and other factors. We review the assumptions used on an annual basis. We recognize an asset for the overfunded status or a liability for the underfunded status of defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefits plans in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. This amount is measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation (the projected benefit obligation for pension plans and the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation for other post-retirement benefit plans). Changes in the funded status of the plans are recorded in other comprehensive income in the year they occur. We measure plan assets and obligations as of the balance sheet date. We provide additional information about our pension and other post-retirement benefits plans in Note 11 titled, “Benefit Plans.” Foreign Currency Translation. Our reporting currency is United States Dollars ("USD"). Most of our operations use their local currency as their functional currency. Financial statements of subsidiaries are translated into USD using the exchange rate at each balance sheet date for assets and liabilities and a weighted average exchange rate for each period for revenues, expenses, gains and losses. Translation adjustments for subsidiaries whose local currency is their functional currency are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within equity. Transactions with equity method investees are recorded in their transactional currency and converted to the functional currency of the investor. The carrying amount of the investment is translated from the functional currency of the investor to USD, with translation adjustments recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within equity. Transaction gains and losses resulting from fluctuations in currency exchange rates on transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are recognized as incurred in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income, except for certain intercompany balances designated as long-term in nature. Forward and Swap Contracts. We enter into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, including intercompany transactions. We may also enter into commodity swap contracts to hedge price changes in nickel that impact raw materials included in our Cost of revenues. We may also hold foreign currency forward contracts to hedge a portion of our expected non-U.S. dollar denominated earnings against our reporting currency, the U.S. dollar. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. These contracts are marked to market, with gains and losses recognized within Selling, general, and administrative expenses or Cost of revenues in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Warranty. Warranties are provided on the sale of certain of our products and services and an accrual for estimated future claims is recorded at the time revenues are recognized. We estimate warranty expense based primarily on historical warranty claim experience. Shipping and Handling. We record shipping and handling costs in Cost of revenues. Shipping and handling costs charged to Customers are recorded as revenues in the period the product revenues are recognized. Advertising Expenses. Costs incurred for communicating, advertising and promoting our products are generally expensed when incurred as a component of Selling, general, and administrative expenses. We incurred $20.3 million, $19.9 million, and $25.5 million of advertising costs during the years ended March 31, 2026, 2025, and 2024, respectively. Research and Development. We incur research and development costs associated with commercial products and expense these costs as incurred. If a Customer reimburses us for research and development costs, the costs are charged to the related contracts as Cost of revenues. Income Taxes. We defer income taxes for all temporary differences between pre-tax financial and taxable income and between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities. We record valuation allowances to reduce net deferred tax assets to an amount that we expect will more-likely-than-not be realized. In making such a determination, we consider all available information, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, and if applicable, any carryback claims that can be filed. In the event we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred income tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, we would make an adjustment to the valuation allowance which would reduce the provision for income taxes and the effective tax rate. We evaluate uncertain tax positions in accordance with a two-step process. The first step is recognition: The determination of whether or not it is more-likely-than-not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, we presume that the position will be examined by the appropriate tax authority and that the tax authority will have full knowledge of all relevant information. The second step is measurement: A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not threshold is measured to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The measurement process requires the determination of the range of possible settlement amounts and the probability of achieving each of the possible settlements. The tax position is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. No tax benefits are recognized for positions that do not meet the more-likely-than-not threshold. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold are recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which the threshold is no longer met. We describe income taxes further in Note 10 titled, “Income Taxes.” Share-Based Compensation. We describe share-based compensation in Note 16 titled, “Share-Based Compensation.” We measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. The expense is classified as Cost of revenues, Selling, general, and administrative expenses or Research and development expenses in a manner consistent with the employee’s compensation and benefits. These costs are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. Restructuring. We recognize restructuring expenses associated with actions designed to enhance profitability and improve efficiency of our operations. Severance and other compensation related costs include severance, medical benefits, and other termination benefits. For ongoing benefit arrangements, a liability is recognized when it is probable that employees will be entitled to benefits and the amount can be reasonably estimated. For one-time benefit arrangements, a liability is incurred and must be accrued at the date the plan is communicated to employees, unless they will be retained beyond a minimum retention period. In this case, the liability is calculated at the date the plan is communicated to employees and is accrued ratably over the future service period. Asset impairment expenses primarily relate to adjustments in the carrying value of facilities and machinery and equipment associated with restructuring actions to their estimated fair value. In addition, the remaining useful lives of other property, plant, and equipment associated with the restructuring actions are re-evaluated, which may result in the acceleration of depreciation and amortization of certain assets. Other restructuring expenses are expensed as incurred. Product rationalization charges relate to inventory write-downs and are recognized in Cost of revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Income. For additional information regarding our recent restructurings, refer to Note 2 titled, "Restructuring." Recently Issued Accounting Standards Impacting the Company Recently Issued Accounting Standards Impacting the Company are presented in the following table:
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