Income Taxes |
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| Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income Taxes | Income Taxes Income Before Income Taxes. Components of income before income taxes recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income were as follows:
(1) Domestic income before income taxes for the year ended March 31, 2024, is presented net of intercompany dividends (or repatriated cash) of $250,000. No intercompany dividends (or repatriated cash) that were subject to income taxes from a foreign subsidiary were declared during years ended March 31, 2026, and 2025. Income Tax Expense. Components of income tax expense (benefit) recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income were as follows:
Income Tax Expense Reconciliation. The following tables provide the reconciliation of income tax expense (benefit) to the amount computed by applying the US federal statutory tax rate to income before income taxes. The following table reflects the prospective adoption of ASU 2023-09 and the subsequent table provides prior year reconciliations before the adoption of ASU 2023-09.
(1) State taxes in California, New York, and Pennsylvania made up the majority (greater than 50 percent) of the tax effect in this category. (2) No impact applicable to the periods presented.
The following table presents cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds, reflecting the prospective adoption of ASU 2023-09:
For the years ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, cash paid for income taxes was $345,397 and $234,062, respectively, gross of immaterial tax refunds. Deferred Taxes. The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows:
The deferred tax assets are currently expected to be realized between fiscal years 2027 and 2032. Based on the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the net deferred tax assets. The Company’s tax valuation allowances, and changes therein, are primarily driven by foreign losses in jurisdictions in which the Company expects limited future profitability, as well as the release of a valuation allowance on domestic tax attributes. Repatriation of Cash. Certain earnings of the Company’s non‑US subsidiaries are subject to US taxation, including amounts treated as global intangible low-taxed income (commonly known as GILTI), which limits the differences between the financial reporting and income tax basis of foreign undistributed earnings. In addition, as of March 31, 2026, foreign withholding taxes have not been provided on unremitted earnings of the Company’s non‑US subsidiaries, as these amounts are considered to be indefinitely reinvested. The Company expects to repatriate foreign earnings, and the related cash, only to the extent such earnings have been or will be subject to US income tax and such cash is not required to fund ongoing operations. Due to the number of foreign jurisdictions involved and the variability in applicable tax laws, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate the amount of foreign withholding taxes that may be incurred upon repatriation. No intercompany dividends subject to foreign withholding tax were declared by the Company during the year ended March 31, 2026. Changes in Tax Law. The Company has evaluated and is currently monitoring the impact of recent tax law changes on its consolidated financial statements for the following: •On July 4, 2025, H.R. 1, also known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, was signed into law. Elements relevant to the Company include the reinstatement of bonus depreciation, the deductibility of domestic research and development expenses, and modifications to international provisions. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective during fiscal year 2026 and other relevant provisions effective during the fiscal year ending March 31, 2027 (next fiscal year). The Company applied the applicable provisions of the new tax law during fiscal year 2026, which did not have a material impact on the effective tax rate, but did provide cash tax benefits due to accelerated tax deductions. •Various jurisdictions in which the Company operates have enacted legislation in response to Pillar Two model rules (Pillar Two) that were previously released by the Organization for Economic Co- operation and Development (commonly known as OECD), introducing a 15% global minimum tax rate applied on a country-by-country basis for large multinational corporations. The Company applied the applicable provisions of the new tax law during fiscal year 2026. The effects of the new tax law are included in the ‘Foreign tax effects’ line item in the section above titled “Income Tax Expense Reconciliation,” but did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company will continue to monitor Pillar Two developments and reflect the impact of legislative changes in future periods including the additional guidance released in January 2026 regarding the Side-by-Side Framework to exclude US parented companies from the scope of some Pillar Two taxes. Unrecognized Tax Benefits. When tax returns are filed, some positions taken are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount that would be ultimately sustained upon examination. The benefit of a tax position is recorded in the consolidated financial statements during the period in which the Company believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities, and is presented in the ‘Changes in net unrecognized tax benefits’ line item in the section above titled “Income Tax Expense Reconciliation.” The recognition threshold is measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement. The portion of the benefit that exceeds the amount measured, as described above, is recorded as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits, along with any associated interest and penalties, in the consolidated balance sheets. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of total gross unrecognized tax benefits are as follows:
Total gross unrecognized tax benefits recorded in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:
As of March 31, 2026, and 2025, gross unrecognized tax benefits exclude immaterial federal benefits for state income taxes related to uncertain tax positions in the Company’s income tax returns that would affect the Company’s effective tax rate, if recognized. Interest and penalties recorded in income tax liability in the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2026, and 2025, and in interest expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income during the years ended March 31, 2026, 2025, and 2024, were immaterial. The Company has on-going income tax examinations in various state and foreign tax jurisdictions and regularly assesses tax positions taken during years open to examination. The Company files income tax returns in the US federal jurisdiction and various state, local, and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to US federal, state, local, or foreign income tax examinations by tax authorities before fiscal year 2022. Although the Company believes its tax estimates are reasonable and prepares its tax filings in accordance with all applicable tax laws, the final determination with respect to any tax audits, and any related litigation, could be materially different from the Company’s estimates or from its historical income tax provisions and accruals. The results of an audit or litigation could have a material impact on results of operations or cash flows in the periods for which that determination is made. In addition, future period earnings may be adversely impacted by litigation costs, settlements, penalties, or interest assessments. However, management does not currently expect any such audits and inquiries to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
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