<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:019db647-0eae-7521-a631-c8bc4bdd8196,g:67493fdb-9af5-42ae-a282-de391b0196f6-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:ck0001655888="http://owlrockcapitalcorporation.com/20260518" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://owlrockcapitalcorporation.com/20260518">
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/cef-pre/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/cef/2025/cef-2025_pre.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei-sub/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-sub-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:appinfo>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="ck0001655888-20260518_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="ck0001655888-20260518_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="ck0001655888-20260518_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
    </xs:appinfo>
  </xs:annotation>
  <xs:element id="ck0001655888_UnsecuredNotesRiskMember" abstract="true" name="UnsecuredNotesRiskMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="ck0001655888_StructurallySubordinatedToIndebtednessAndOtherLiabilitiesRiskMember" abstract="true" name="StructurallySubordinatedToIndebtednessAndOtherLiabilitiesRiskMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="ck0001655888_IndebtednessRiskMember" abstract="true" name="IndebtednessRiskMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="ck0001655888_CreditRatingRiskMember" abstract="true" name="CreditRatingRiskMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="ck0001655888_IndentureOffersLimitedProtectionRiskMember" abstract="true" name="IndentureOffersLimitedProtectionRiskMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="ck0001655888_OptionalRedemptionProvisionRiskMember" abstract="true" name="OptionalRedemptionProvisionRiskMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="ck0001655888_ChangeOfControlRepurchaseEventRiskMember" abstract="true" name="ChangeOfControlRepurchaseEventRiskMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="ck0001655888_ActiveTradingMarketRiskMember" abstract="true" name="ActiveTradingMarketRiskMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="ck0001655888_SubscriptionRightsMember" abstract="true" name="SubscriptionRightsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="ck0001655888_UnitMember" abstract="true" name="UnitMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
</xs:schema>
