NOTE 7 — EQUITY

Common Stock

In 2021, the Company’s common stock was initially split into two classes: 50,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, $0.001 par value per share (“Class A Common Stock”), and 20,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, $0.001 par value per share (“Class B Common Stock”). On February 9, 2024, the Company combined the two classes under the name common stock with 50,000,000 shares authorized. On October 21, 2025, stockholders approved an increase in authorized common stock from 50,000,000 to 150,000,000 shares. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had 39,278,192 and 37,113,082 shares of common stock outstanding, respectively. Common stock has voting rights.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company issued (i) 157,407 shares of common stock in connection with its equity line of credit, (ii) 300,000 shares of common stock to a scientific and technical advisor in exchange for scientific and technical services, which will be amortized over a 12-month period with the remaining balance in prepaid expenses, and (iii) 20,000 shares of common stock to an advisor in exchange for services.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company issued 1,891,077 shares of common stock to investors in connection with its third warrant exercise inducement and exchange offering conducted in January 2026 and received payment for an additional 731,175 shares of prepaid common stock during the same period. The Company also issued 148,695 shares of common stock to vendors as compensation and reconciled investor accounts for 125,338 shares of common stock relating to 2025 transactions.

Preferred Stock

In 2021, the Company authorized 5,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, of which 1,400,000 were designated as Series A Preferred Stock. A total of 1,302,082 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were issued, which carried a 5% cumulative dividend and liquidation preference over common stock. Dividends were computed at 5% of the principal annually and recorded monthly.

On February 9, 2024, all outstanding Series A Preferred Stock was converted into common stock on a one-for-two basis pursuant to the filing of the Company’s third amended and restated certificate of incorporation. As of that date, the Company had 5,000,000 shares of authorized Preferred Stock, with none outstanding.

The Series A Preferred Stock dividend for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was $0 and $0, respectively, resulting in a total accrued dividend payable of $375,000 as of both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

The Preferred Stock has the following rights and privileges:

Voting — Votes together with the common stock on all matters on an as-converted basis. Approval of a majority of the New Preferred Stock voting as a separate class will be required to, among other things: (i) adversely change rights of the New Preferred Stock, (ii) change the authorized number of shares of New Preferred Stock.

Conversion — Each share of New Preferred Stock is convertible into one share of common stock (subject to proportional adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends and the like) at any time at the option of the holder. Conversion ratio will be subject to adjustment on a broad-based, weighted average basis in the event of subsequent issuances at a price less than the original issue price (as adjusted) subject to customary exceptions. The conversion into common stock occurred on February 9, 2024.

Liquidation — One times the original issue price of the New Preferred Stock plus declared but unpaid dividends on each share of New Preferred Stock (or, if greater, the amount that the New Preferred Stock would receive on an as-converted basis) will be paid first on each share of New Preferred Stock, and the balance of proceeds to be paid to common stock. A merger, reorganization, or similar transaction (including a sale, exclusive license or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company or its subsidiaries) will be treated as a liquidation, thereby triggering payment of the liquidation preference described above. For the avoidance of doubt, the liquidation preference is intended to provide the Investor (and its permitted assigns) with an aggregate liquidation payment of $2,500,000.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes the common stock options issued to employees and consultants for services during the three months ended March 31, 2026:

The fair value of the options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2026 was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company recognized combined share-based compensation expense of $1,435,362 and $941,283, respectively, related to these common stock options. At the Company’s annual meeting on October 21, 2025, stockholders approved an amendment to the Company’s 2023 Incentive Compensation Plan, increasing the shares of common stock authorized for issuance thereunder from 4 million to 10 million.

Forfeitures during the three months ended March 31, 2026 included the cancellation of 300,000 common stock options previously awarded to the CEO in December 2024. The cancellation was approved to better align outstanding common option awards with annual approved award limits pursuant to the Company’s 2023 Incentive Compensation Plan. All forfeited awards were fully vested in previous years, resulting in no share-based compensation expense recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2026.

As of March 31, 2026, the total unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested common stock options was $ $4,578,955 and will be recognized upon vesting.

Warrants for Underwriter and Placement Agents — Brookline Capital Markets

On August 2, 2024, the Company issued a warrant to Brookline Capital Markets to purchase 112,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, pursuant to an underwriting agreement entered into between the Company and Brookline. The warrant is exercisable 180 days after July 31, 2024, terminates on July 31, 2029, and has an exercise price of $4.40 per share.

On December 24, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement, dated as of December 24, 2024 (the “Purchase Agreement”), and, in connection therewith, Brookline earned warrants initially exercisable for 39,918 shares at $4.40 per share. These warrants were subsequently adjusted to 156,821 shares at an exercise price of $1.12 per share, subject to further adjustment as provided in the agreement. The warrants are exercisable for five years from April 9, 2025. As of March 31, 2026, warrants to purchase 156,821 shares remained outstanding.

Warrant Inducements

Third Warrant Exercise Inducement and Exchange Offering. On January 14, 2026, the Company closed on a third warrant exercise inducement and exchange offering, pursuant to which less than 10 accredited investors holding existing warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 5,382,148 shares of common stock at then-current exercise prices of $3.00 or $2.10 per share exercised for cash their warrants to purchase 2,499,558 shares of common stock at a reduced exercise price of $1.40 per share. In exchange, the Company issued to such holders new warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,499,558 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.40 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, immediately exercisable from issuance for a period of five years.

Privately Negotiated Warrant Exercise Inducement and Exchange Agreements. During the period from January 10, 2026 to March 31, 2026, the Company entered into privately negotiated warrant exercise inducement and exchange agreements, pursuant to which certain holders of existing warrants exercised for cash their existing warrants to purchase 74,108 shares of common stock at a reduced exercise price of $1.40 per share, and in exchange the Company issued to such holders new warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 74,108 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.40 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, immediately exercisable from issuance for a period of five years.

Gross cash proceeds from both inducements was $3,671,152, and related issuance costs was $294,892. In each case, the inducement transactions were accounted for as warrant modifications under ASC 470. The incremental fair value delivered to the inducement participants, measured as the difference between the fair value of the new warrants issued and the fair value of the existing warrants immediately before modification, both determined using a binomial lattice model, was recognized as an inducement charge through additional paid-in capital and is presented as a deduction from net income available to common stockholders for purposes of computing earnings per share. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, the inducement charges totaled $927,576 for the third warrant exercise inducement and exchange offering and $21,791 for the privately negotiated warrant exercise inducement and exchange transactions ($949,367 in aggregate). Both the original exercised warrants and the new warrants issued were equity-classified under ASC 815; accordingly, the modification accounting was affected entirely within stockholders’ equity with no income statement impact other than the EPS-numerator adjustment described above.