As of March 31, 2026, the Company provided unsecured, interest-bearing short-term loans to two unrelated parties, which were set forth as below. These short-term loans were recorded as other current assets.

On January 5, 2022, the Company provided a short-term working capital loan of US$2.5 million to an unrelated party, which matured on May 5, 2022. The loan was unsecured and borne a fixed annualized interest rate of 7.5%. In April 2022, as agreed by both parties, the unrelated party repaid a portion of the loan principal of US$1.02 million, together with a loan interest of US0.06 million for the period from January 5, 2022 through April 30, 2022, based on the loan principal of US$2.5 million. The Company extended the term of the remaining loan principal of US$1.48 million to April 30, 2023 with a revised fixed annualized interest rate of 5%. In October 2022 and February 2023, the Company received loan interests of US$0.05 million in the aggregate for the period from May 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022. On April 30, 2023, the Company further extended the term of this loan to October 31, 2023. In May 2023, the Company received a loan interest of US$0.02 million for the period from January 1, 2023 through April 30, 2023. In July 2023, the Company received a loan interest of US$0.02 million for the period from May 1, 2023 through July 31, 2023. On October 31, 2023, the Company agreed to further extend the term of this loan to September 30, 2024. On May 29, 2024, the Company received payment of approximately US$0.13 million, of which approximately US$0.06 million settled outstanding interest and approximately US$0.07 million settled the loan principal. On September 30, 2024, the Company agreed to further extend the term of this loan to March 31, 2025. On March 17, 2025, the Company received payment of approximately US$0.35 million, of which approximately US$0.06 million settled outstanding interest and approximately US$0.29 million settled the loan principal. On March 27, 2025, the Company received payment of approximately US$0.21 million, of which approximately US$0.002 settled outstanding interest and approximately US$0.21 million settled the loan principal. On March 31, 2025, the Company agreed to further extend the term of this loan to March 31, 2026. On March 31, 2026, the Company agreed to further extend the term of this loan to March 31, 2027.

On January 11, 2023, the Company provided a short-term loan of US$2.0 million to another unrelated party. The loan is unsecured and bears a fixed annualized interest rate of 12%. The original maturity date of this loan was July 17, 2023. On July 1, 2023, the Company extended the term of this loan for a six-month period to January 18, 2024. Subsequently, on January 8, 2024, the Company further agreed to extend the term of the loan to January 18, 2025. And on January 9, 2025, the Company agreed to extend the loan to January 18, 2026. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received payment of US$0.77 million, of which approximately US$0.35 million settled outstanding interest and approximately US$0.42 million settled the loan principal. On January 27, 2025, the Company received payment of approximately US$0.57 million, of which approximately US$0.11 million settled outstanding interest and US$0.46 million settled the loan principal. On January 9, 2026, the Company agreed to extend the loan to January 18, 2027. On March 26, 2026, the Company received payment of approximately US$0.05 million to settle outstanding interest.

The Company evaluates its short-term loans provided to unrelated parties for expected credit losses on a regular basis, and maintains an estimated allowance for credit losses to reduce its short-term loans to the amount that it believes will be collected. The Company evaluates its short-term loans on an individual basis and determines the allowance for credit loss based on creditworthiness of the borrowers, aging information, past transaction history with the borrowers and their current condition, as well as the current economic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company reversed approximately US$0.005 million and provided approximately US$0.38 million credit losses on short-term loans provided to unrelated parties, respectively.