Note 3: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

Mortgage loans serviced for others are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The unpaid principal balances of these loans were approximately $68,062,000 and $68,446,000 at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

The Company provides residential, commercial and consumer loans primarily to residents and businesses located in central Illinois. Such loans originated in other geographical areas amounted to approximately $27,827,000 and $23,770,000, or approximately 21.5% and 20.0% of the gross loan balances at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. A substantial portion of the Company’s borrowers ability to honor their contracts is dependent on economic conditions and the specific economy in the respective geographic areas.

Risk characteristics of each loan portfolio segment are described as follows:

Residential Real Estate

These loans include first liens and junior liens on 1-4 family residential real estate (both owner and non-owner occupied). One-to-four family residential loans generally carry less risk than other loan types as they tend to be smaller balance loans, without concentrations, to a single borrower or group of borrowers. Repayment depends on the individual borrower’s capacity. The main risks for these loans are changes in the value of the collateral and stability of the local economic environment and its impact on the borrowers’ employment. Management specifically considers unemployment and changes in real estate values in the Company’s market area.

Multifamily Real Estate

These loans include loans on residential real estate secured by property with five or more units. Multifamily real estate loans generally involve a greater degree of credit risk than 1-4 family residential real estate loans due to the reliance on the successful operation of the project. The main risks are changes in the value of the collateral, ability of borrowers to collect rents, vacancy and changes in the tenants’ employment status. Management specifically considers unemployment and changes in real estate values in the Company’s market area.

Commercial Real Estate

These loans consist of non-farm and non-residential real estate. Although terms vary, commercial real estate loans generally have amortization periods of 15 to 25 years, as well as balloon payments of two to five years, and terms which provide that the interest rates thereon may be adjusted annually at the Company’s discretion, based on a designated index and the credit risk of the borrower. Commercial real estate loans generally have greater credit risks compared to 1-4 family residential real estate loans, as they usually involve larger loan balances secured by non-homogeneous or specific-use properties. Repayment of these loans typically relies on the successful operation of a business or the generation of lease income by the property and is therefore more sensitive to adverse conditions in the economy and real estate market.

Construction and Development Real Estate

These loans include construction loans for 1-4 family residential and commercial properties (both owner and non-owner occupied) and first liens on land. Repayment of these loans can be dependent on the sale of the property to third parties or the successful completion of the improvements by the builder for the end user. In the event that a loan is made on property that is not yet approved for the planned development, there is the risk that approvals will not be granted or will be delayed. Construction loans also run the risk that improvements will not be completed on time or in accordance with specifications and projected costs. Construction real estate loans generally have terms of one year to 18 months during the construction period and interest rates based on a designated index.

Farmland Real Estate

These loans include loans on farm ground and land known to be used or usable for agricultural purposes, such as crop or livestock production. Repayment of these loans typically relies on the successful operation of a business. This loan type is sensitive to adverse economic conditions.

Commercial and Industrial

The commercial and industrial portfolio includes loans to commercial customers for use in financing working capital needs, equipment purchases and expansions. The Company’s commercial business loan portfolio is comprised of loans for a variety of purposes and generally is secured by equipment, machinery and other business assets. Repayment is directly dependent on the

successful operation of the borrower’s business and the borrower’s ability to convert the assets to operating revenue and possess greater risk than most other types of loans should the repayment capacity of the borrower not be adequate.

Consumer Loans

These loans include vehicle loans, share loans and unsecured loans. Other loans consist of single-pay personal loans, including overdraft accounts and other small miscellaneous loans. Consumer loans tend to carry more risk than real estate loans; however, they tend to be smaller balance loans without concentrations to a single borrower or group of borrowers. Loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and thus are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy.

Information regarding the credit quality indicators most closely monitored, for other than residential real estate loans, by class as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, is as follows:

The Company evaluates consumer and one-to-four family residential loans based on the delinquency status of each loan. Generally, the likelihood of loss for consumer and residential loans increases as the loan becomes more delinquent; therefore, management has established the delinquency status of consumer and residential loans as the primary credit quality indicator. In addition to monitoring delinquency status, certain substandard non-owner occupied one-to-four family residential loans are evaluated and categorized into the risk categories listed below based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt.

The Company categorizes all other loans into the following risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt.

Pass (risk rating 1 – 4) – A pass asset is well protected by the current worth and paying capacity of the obligator (or guarantors, if any) or by the fair value, less cost to acquire and sell, of any underlying collateral in a timely manner. Pass assets also include certain assets considered watch, which are still protected by the worth and paying capacity of the borrower but deserve closer attention and a higher level of credit monitoring.

Special Mention (risk rating 5) – A special mention asset has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. The asset may also be subject to a weak or speculative market or to economic conditions, which may, in the future, adversely affect the obligator. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard (risk rating 6) – A substandard asset is an asset with a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes repayment, in whole or in part, of the debt. These credits are inadequately protected by the current worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged. These assets are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss of principal and/or interest if the deficiencies are not corrected. It is not necessary for a loan to have an identifiable loss potential in order to receive this rating.

Doubtful (risk rating 7) – An asset that has all the weaknesses inherent in the substandard classification, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely likely, but it is not identified at this point due to pending factors.

Loss (risk rating 8) – An asset, or portion thereof, classified as loss is considered uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance on the Company’s books as an asset is not warranted. This classification does not necessarily mean that an asset has no recovery or salvage value; but rather, there is much doubt about whether, how much, or when the recovery would occur. As such, it is not practical or desirable to defer the write-off.