<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:019ce777-35e6-7ed6-8aab-e263b8462a9a,g:a5aa2a17-d481-419e-8c2e-5ea55c55c10c-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:phr="http://www.phreesia.com/20260514" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://www.phreesia.com/20260514">
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei-sub/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-sub-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd-sub/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2025/ecd-sub-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:appinfo/>
  </xs:annotation>
</xs:schema>