6. Stockholders’ Equity

At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreements and Private Placement Transactions

On August 23, 2019, the Company entered into an at the market issuance sales agreement, which was amended on August 26, 2022 (as amended, the ATM Agreement) with B. Riley FBR, Inc. (B. Riley FBR) for the offer and sale of common stock through B. Riley FBR from time to time up to an aggregate offering price of $75.0 million.

No shares of common stock were sold under the ATM Agreement in the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

The ATM agreement was terminated effective March 8, 2026.

Standby Equity Purchase Agreement

On July 30, 2025, the Company entered into a Standby Equity Purchase Agreement, or the SEPA with YA II PN, LTD., a Cayman Islands exempt limited company, or Yorkville. Pursuant to the SEPA, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Yorkville from time to time up to $30.0 million of its common stock, during the 36 months following the execution of the SEPA, subject to the restrictions and satisfaction of the conditions in the SEPA. At the Company's option, the shares of common stock would be purchased by Yorkville from time to time at a price equal to 97% of the lowest of the three daily volume weighted average prices (VWAPs), during a three consecutive trading day period commencing on the date that the Company, subject to certain limitations, delivers to Yorkville a notice that the Company is committing Yorkville to purchase such shares of common stock. The Company may also specify a certain minimum acceptable price per share for a drawdown under the SEPA. As consideration for Yorkville's irrevocable commitment to purchase common stock, the Company paid Yorkville a $25,000 structuring fee along with a commitment fee of $375,000, recorded as General and Administrative expense. Under the applicable rules of Nasdaq and pursuant to the SEPA, in no event may the Company issue or sell to Yorkville more than 9,804,345 shares of common stock, or the Exchange Cap, which is 19.99% of the shares of common stock outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the SEPA, unless (i) the Company obtains stockholder approval to issue shares of common stock in excess of the Exchange Cap or (ii) the average price of all applicable shares of common stock under the SEPA equals or exceeds $1.33 per share (which represents the lower of (i) the Nasdaq Official Closing Price (as reflected on Nasdaq.com) on the trading day immediately preceding July 30, 2025 or (ii) the average Nasdaq Official Closing Price of the common stock (as reflected on Nasdaq.com) for the five trading days immediately preceding July 30, 2025). Pursuant to the SEPA, Yorkville shall not be obliged to purchase or acquire any shares of common stock under the SEPA which, when aggregated with all other shares of the Company's common stock beneficially owned by Yorkville and its affiliates,

would result in the beneficial ownership of Yorkville and its affiliates (on an aggregated basis) exceeding 4.99% of the then outstanding voting power or number of outstanding shares of the Company's common stock.

Pursuant to a financial advisory agreement between the Company and D. Boral Capital LLC (D. Boral), the Company has also agreed to pay D. Boral a fee equal to three percent of the gross proceeds received from any shares that the Company sells to Yorkville pursuant to the SEPA.

No shares of common stock were sold under the SEPA in the three months ended March 31, 2026.

Equity Distribution Agreement

On December 29, 2025, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement, with Lucid Capital Markets, LLC (Lucid) pursuant to which the Company may sell common stock through Lucid from time to time up to an aggregate offering price of $50.0 million (the Equity Distribution Agreement). Sales of the Company's common stock through Lucid, if any, will be made by any method that is deemed to be an "at-the-market" equity offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including sales made directly on Nasdaq, on any other existing trading market for the common stock or through a market maker. Lucid may also sell the common stock in privately negotiated transactions, subject to our prior approval. The Company agreed to pay Lucid an aggregate commission rate of 3.0% of the gross proceeds of any common stock sold under this agreement. Proceeds from sales of common stock will depend on the number of shares of common stock sold to Lucid and the per share purchase price of each transaction.

No shares of common stock were sold under the Equity Distribution Agreement in the three months ended March 31, 2026.