1. Business and Principal Activities

Description of Business

RenovoRx, Inc. (the “Company” or "RenovoRx") was incorporated in the state of Delaware in December 2012 and operates from its headquarters in Mountain View, California. The Company is a life sciences company developing innovative targeted oncology therapies and commercializing RenovoCath®, a novel, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”)-cleared local drug-delivery device, targeting high unmet medical needs.

RenovoRx’s patented Trans-Arterial Micro-Perfusion (TAMP™) therapy platform is designed for targeted therapeutic delivery of chemotherapy across the arterial wall near the tumor site to bathe the target tumor locally, while potentially minimizing a therapy’s toxicities versus systemic intravenous therapy. RenovoRx’s novel approach to targeted treatment offers the potential for increased safety, tolerance, and improved efficacy, and its mission is to transform the lives of cancer patients by providing innovative solutions to enable targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. The Company holds a strong and growing global intellectual property portfolio with 19 issued or allowed patents and 14 published and pending patents covering its TAMP therapy platform and RenovoCath.

RenovoRx is actively commercializing the TAMP therapy platform and RenovoCath as a stand-alone device. In its first full year of commercial efforts, the Company generated approximately $1.1 million in RenovoCath sales. RenovoRx saw further acceleration in the commercial rollout of RenovoCath during the first quarter of 2026, achieving its strongest quarterly revenue performance to date. Revenue totaled $563,000 for the quarter, representing a 136% quarter-over-quarter increase compared to the fourth quarter of 2025 and totaling more than 50% of the Company’s total revenue generated in 2025. This significant growth reflects continued expansion of active commercial cancer centers and increasing procedural utilization of RenovoCath across the Company’s installed base. The Company defines "active" commercial cancer centers as centers where doctors are actively treating patients with RenovoCath.

RenovoRx's commercial model remains centered on active cancer center expansion, with additional centers driving increased procedures and revenue growth. RenovoRx began 2025 with 5 active commercial cancer centers, and by end of the year, we had grown to 8. As of May 6, 2026 we had 16 active centers. RenovoRx is also advancing a robust pipeline of 32 additional centers in various stages of evaluation, approval, and onboarding, representing a significant expansion of its near-term commercial footprint. In total, these 48 centers have approximately quadrupled the Company’s near-term commercial sales pipeline compared to the first quarter of 2025, reflecting the rapid expansion of RenovoRx’s commercial footprint year-over-year. Up to 15 TIGeR-PaC Phase III clinical trial sites that have previously utilized RenovoCath are expected to continue transitioning to commercial clinical use following completion of trial enrollment. These anticipated conversions represent a meaningful opportunity to drive incremental revenue growth in the second half of 2026. The Company continues to target 36 active commercial cancer centers by year-end 2026.

RenovoRx continues to observe organic repeat ordering behavior from existing customers, which the Company views as a key indicator of physician satisfaction and clinical utility. As physicians incorporate RenovoCath into routine clinical practice, repeat utilization is expected to drive sustained and compounding revenue growth. The combination of record quarterly revenue, rapid active cancer center expansion, and strong repeat ordering behavior demonstrates accelerating commercial momentum and supports the long-term opportunity for RenovoCath as both a standalone device and a foundational platform for future drug-device combination therapies.

RenovoRx continues to estimate that the initial total addressable market (TAM) for RenovoCath as a stand-alone device represents an approximately $400 million peak annual U.S. sales opportunity, with long-term, several-billion-dollar potential as the platform expands into additional solid tumor indications.

RenovoRx is also evaluating its novel drug-device combination oncology product candidate (intra-arterial gemcitabine delivered via RenovoCath, (known as "IAG") in the ongoing Phase III TIGeR-PaC trial. IAG is being evaluated by

the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (the drug division of the FDA) under a U.S. investigational new drug application that is regulated by the FDA’s 21 CFR 312 pathway. IAG utilizes RenovoCath indicated for temporary vessel occlusion in applications including arteriography, preoperative occlusion, and chemotherapeutic drug infusion.

The IAG combination product candidate, which is enabled by the RenovoCath device, is currently under investigation and has not been approved for commercial sale. RenovoCath with gemcitabine received Orphan Drug Designation for pancreatic cancer and bile duct cancer, which provides seven years of market exclusivity upon new drug application approval by the FDA.

Advancement of the ongoing Phase III TIGeR-PaC clinical trial evaluating intra-arterial delivery of gemcitabine (IAG) via the RenovoCath device for the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) continued in the first quarter of 2026. Based on current projections, RenovoRx expects to send notification of closure of enrollment in the trial in the beginning of June, completing the Company's milestone of finishing trial enrollment by the end of June 2026. As of May 14, 2026, 106 patients had been randomized in the trial, representing approximately 93% of the required 114 patients, and currently there are 12 enrolled patients in induction, which gives rise to the expectation that enrollment will be closed by the end of June. Seventy-four events (i.e., patient deaths) have been observed of the 86 events required to trigger the final analysis. The Company continues to anticipate final data in mid to late 2027.

During the first quarter of 2026, RenovoRx continued to execute on key operational priorities for TIGeR-PaC, including patient enrollment, site engagement, and maintaining protocol adherence across its clinical network. These efforts build on the successful completion of the second interim analysis in 2025, after which the independent Data Monitoring Committee recommended continuation of the trial without modification. In alignment with standard clinical trial practices and to preserve trial integrity, the Company has elected to defer publication of interim data until study completion.

RenovoRx expects that TIGeR-PaC trial sites will continue transitioning to commercial use following completion of enrollment, representing a meaningful potential driver of revenue growth in the second half of 2026. RenovoRx continues to view the TIGeR-PaC trial as an important long-term value driver, while emphasizing that its current commercial strategy is independent of the trial’s ultimate outcome and timeline.

RenovoRx continues to advance broader clinical programs by generating new data through the Company’s continued support of investigator-initiated trials (IIT) in borderline resectable and metastatic pancreatic cancer, use of other agents beyond gemcitabine (the chemotherapy being used in TIGeR-PaC), and use of TAMP in other solid tumors. Registry and IIT studies are capital-efficient studies providing meaningful data that may further broaden the application for the TAMP therapy platform which is enabled by RenovoCath.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

From the Company’s inception through March 31, 2026, it has raised an aggregate of approximately $81.4 million from private placements of convertible preferred stock, convertible debt securities, the issuance of securities in the Company’s August 2021 initial public offering (the “IPO”), and the exercise of warrants and common stock options. As of March 31, 2026, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $12.4 million.

The Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception. For the three month ended March 31, 2026, the Company reported a net loss of $3.5 million and an accumulated deficit of $64.9 million and does not expect to generate positive cash flows from operations in the foreseeable future. The Company expects to incur significant and increasing losses until regulatory approval is granted for its first product candidate, IAG. Regulatory approval is not guaranteed and may never be obtained. The Company believes it will be able, if and when necessary, to raise additional capital through debt financings, private or public equity financings, license agreements, collaborative agreements or other arrangements with other companies, or other sources of financing. There can be no assurance that such financing will be available if and when needed or will be at terms acceptable to the Company. The inability to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on the Company’s liquidity financial condition and its ability to pursue its business strategy. The Company will need to generate significant revenue to achieve positive cash flows and profitability, and it may never do so.

On November 14, 2025, the Company has filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 that provides for the aggregate offerings of up to $50.0 million of the Company’s securities subject to various limitations, including limited sales in any twelve-month period while the Company is subject to the “baby-shelf” rules.

The accompanying unaudited condensed interim financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and has reviewed the relevant conditions and events surrounding its ability to continue as a going concern including among others: historical losses, projected future results, negative cash flows from operations, including cash requirements for the upcoming year, funding capacity, net working capital, total stockholders’ equity and future access to capital. Based upon this review and the Company’s current financial condition, the Company has concluded its current cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund its operations through at least the next 12 months from the issuance of these condensed interim financial statements.