11. Variable interest entity

A VIE is an entity that either (i) has insufficient equity to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, or (ii) has equity investors who lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. The primary beneficiary is the party that has the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the operations of the VIE and has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company assesses whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE at the inception of the arrangement and as of the reporting date.

TAPP

As of January 9, 2023, the Company initially determined that TAPP qualifies as a VIE because it held a variable interest and was the primary beneficiary. During the first quarter of 2025, TAPP’s key employee became a consultant to the Company, but as the Company concluded that it still had significant influence over TAPP, it continued to consolidate TAPP's operations. However, as the Company did not have an equity interest in TAPP, 100% of the net assets and results of the operations of TAPP were attributable to non-controlling interests. On May 20, 2025, the Company made a one-time payment of $300 and entered into an updated agreement with the key employee and TAPP, terminating all prior agreements. As a result, the Company determined that it was no longer the primary beneficiary, and under ASC 810, TAPP was no longer being consolidated under ASC 810. The Company recognized a loss of $698 in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations in the second quarter of 2025, mainly related to the write-off of the intangible assets.