Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiaries are eliminated upon consolidation.

Discontinued operations

The Company presents discontinued operations when there is a disposal of a component group or a group of components that represents a strategic shift that will have a major effect on operations and financial results. The Company aggregates the results of operations for discontinued operations into a single line item in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for all periods presented. See Note 3 for additional information.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the period. Areas where management uses subjective judgment include, but are not limited to, share-based compensation, clinical trial accruals, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, estimating uncertain tax positions, measurement of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, fair value of financial instruments, impairment of long-lived assets and estimating of useful life for property and equipment. Management bases the estimates on historical experience, known trends and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Fair value measurements

The Company applies ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), in measuring fair value. ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires disclosures to be provided on fair value measurement.

ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

ASC 820 describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.

Financial instruments of the Company primarily include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, and accounts payable. The Company measures its financial products issued by commercial banks at fair value on a recurring basis based on quoted subscription/redemption price published by the relevant banks. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts payable, and time deposits approximated their fair values due to their short-term nature. Short-term investments consist of time deposits with original maturities of greater than three months but less than twelve months and structured deposits with maturities of less than twelve months. These structured deposits are classified as short-term investments as they are not readily convertible to known amounts of cash. Financial products issued by commercial banks expected to be realized in cash within the next twelve months are also included in short-term investments.

Segment reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company operates in two reportable segments, Plinabulin pipeline and Targeted Protein Degradation (“TPD”) platform, as the CODM manages and assesses the Company’s performance and operating results of Plinabulin pipeline and TPD platform separately to allocate resources. The Plinabulin pipeline focuses on developing innovative cancer therapies to improve clinical outcomes for patients who have high unmet medical needs. The Company’s lead asset, Plinabulin, is being developed as a “pipeline in a drug” in a number of cancer indications. The TPD platform is utilizing a unique “molecular glue” technology to develop innovative therapeutic agents and discover and develop new chemical entities for the most debilitating diseases and disorders.

On December 13, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors discussed and approved a divestiture plan to sell and transfer about 90% to 100% of the Company’s interests in SEED to potential investors at a determined price. The TPD platform segment was comprised of SEED’s operations. As a result, the TPD platform segment qualified for discontinued operations reporting.

The consolidated financial statements include segment information which reflects the current composition of the reportable segments in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting. See Note 14 – Segment reporting and geographic information for further information.

Revenue recognition

Under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of ASC 606, the entity performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration, if any; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration to which it is entitled in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer.

Once a contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606 at contract inception, the Company reviews the contract to determine which performance obligations it must deliver and which of these performance obligations are distinct. The Company recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to each performance obligation when that performance obligation is satisfied or as it is satisfied.

The Company recognizes a contract asset or a contract liability in the consolidated balance sheets, depending on the relationship between the entity’s performance and the customer’s payment. Contract liabilities represent the excess of payments received as compared to the consideration earned, and is recorded as deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company had no contract assets for the periods presented.

Collaboration revenue

At contract inception, the Company analyzes its collaboration arrangements to assess whether they are within the scope of ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements (“ASC 808”) to determine whether such arrangements involve joint operating activities performed by parties that are both active participants in the activities and exposed to significant risks and rewards dependent on the commercial success of such activities. For collaboration arrangements within the scope of ASC 808 that contain multiple elements, the Company first determines which elements of the collaboration are deemed to be within the scope of ASC 808 and those that are more reflective of a vendor-customer relationship and therefore within the scope of ASC 606. For elements of collaboration arrangements that are accounted for pursuant to ASC 808, an appropriate recognition method is determined and applied consistently.

In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as the Company fulfills its obligations under each of the agreements, the Company performs the five-step model under ASC 606 noted above.

The collaborative arrangements may contain more than one unit of account, or performance obligation, including grants of licenses to intellectual property rights, agreement to provide research and development services and other deliverables. The transaction price is generally comprised of an upfront payment due at contract inception and variable consideration in the form of payments for the Company’s services and materials and milestone payments due upon the achievement of specified events. In general, the consideration allocated to the performance obligation is recognized when the obligation is satisfied either by delivering a good or providing a service, limited to the consideration that is not constrained. Non-refundable payments received before all of the relevant criteria for revenue recognition are satisfied are recorded as deferred revenue.

Licenses of Intellectual Property: Upfront non-refundable payments allocated to the licensing of the Company’s intellectual property are evaluated to determine if the license is distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement. For licenses determined to be distinct, the Company recognizes revenues from non-refundable up-front fees allocated to the license at a point in time, when the license is transferred to the licensee and the licensee is able to use and benefit from the license. For licenses determined to be not distinct from other promised goods or services, the Company accounts for the promise to grant a license and other promised goods or services together as a single performance obligation, and the Company considers the nature of the combined goods or services in determining whether the performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time.

Research and Development Service: Upfront non-refundable payment allocated to research and development services performance obligations is deferred and recognized overtime.

Milestone Payments: At the inception of each arrangement that includes milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Due to the uncertainty involved in meeting these discovery or development-based targets, they are generally fully constrained at contract inception. The Company will assess whether the variable consideration is fully constrained each reporting period based on the facts and circumstances surrounding the discovery and clinical trials. Upon changes to constraint associated with the discovery or developmental milestones, variable consideration will be included in the transaction price when a significant reversal of revenue recognized is not expected to occur.

Royalties: For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company recognizes revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).

Income taxes

The Company uses the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. All deferred income tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current on the consolidated balance sheets.

Provision for income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimate of the annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. The Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate each quarter and makes a cumulative adjustment if the estimated tax rate changes.

Recent accounting pronouncements

New accounting standards which have not yet been adopted

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This update requires that at each interim and annual reporting period public entities disclose (1) the amounts of purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion) in commonly presented expense captions; (2) certain amounts that are already required to be disclosed under current GAAP in the same disclosure as the other disaggregation requirements; (3) a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively; and (4) the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, the definition of selling expenses. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date. This update clarifies that ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its financial statements of adopting this guidance.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-10, Government Grants (Topic 832): Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities. The amendments in this update establish the accounting for a government grant received by a business entity, including guidance for (1) a grant related to an asset and (2) a grant related to income. The amendments in this update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2028, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted in both interim and annual reporting periods in which financial statements have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its financial statements of adopting this guidance.

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company believes that recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.