6. Warrant Liabilities

July 2023 Warrants

In July 2023, the Company issued fully vested warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock in connection with the issuance of the amended and restated 2022 Convertible Notes (the “July 2023 Warrants”). The July 2023 Warrants were immediately exercisable for a variable number of shares based on the principal amount of the 2022 Convertible Notes, as amended, of $20.9 million, and an exercise price, at the holders’ choice, of (a) $17.9927 per share, (b) the lowest original issue price of shares of Preferred Stock of the Company issued in the Company’s next bona fide private preferred equity financing round, (c) in the event of any convertible note or similar convertible security financing, the conversion price contemplated by such convertible security, or (d) in the event of an IPO, the per share offering price to the public in such IPO. The July 2023 Warrants have a contractual term of ten years from issuance. They were not exercised from their inception through March 31, 2026.

The fair value of the July 2023 Warrants was recorded as part of the warrant liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company remeasures the fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any adjustments being recorded as a component of other income (expense) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The fair value of the July 2023 Warrants was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model with the following assumptions:

September 2023 Warrants

In September 2023, in connection with the issuance of the 2023 Notes, the Company issued fully vested warrants to purchase, at the holders’ choice, shares of the Company’s Series F Convertible Preferred Stock, the most senior series of

Preferred Stock of the Company that is then authorized, or the Company’s common stock (the “September 2023 Warrants”). The September 2023 Warrants are immediately exercisable for a variable number of shares based on a total fixed dollar value of $4.2 million, and an exercise price, at the holders’ choice, of (a) $17.9927 per share of common stock or $8.3843 per share of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock, (b) the lowest original issue price of any series of Preferred Stock issued by the Company after the issuance date of the September 2023 Warrants, (c) the conversion or exercise price of any convertible debt security, option, or warrant issued by the Company after the issuance date of the September 2023 Warrants, or (d) the price at which the Company’s common equity was first sold to the public by the Company in a firm-commitment underwritten offering or otherwise. The September 2023 Warrants have a contractual term of ten years from issuance. They were not exercised from their inception through March 31, 2026.

The fair value of the September 2023 Warrants was recorded as part of the warrant liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company remeasures the fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any adjustments being recorded as a component of other income (expense) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The fair value of the September 2023 Warrants was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model with the following assumptions:

The following table provides a rollforward of the fair value of the September 2023 Warrants:

August 2025 Warrants

On August 6, 2025, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. (“Ladenburg”), pursuant to which it issued and sold 19,047,619 shares of its common stock, accompanied by warrants to purchase up to 19,047,619 shares of its common stock (the “Tranche A Warrants”) and warrants to purchase 19,047,619 shares of its common stock (the “Tranche B Warrants”), at a combined offering price of $1.05 per share. As part of the underwriting agreement, the Company also granted Ladenburg a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 2,857,142 shares of the Company’s common stock, along with associated Tranche A Warrants and Tranche B Warrants, at the combined public offering price of $1.05 per share. Concurrent with the closing of the offering, Ladenburg exercised the option to purchase additional shares of the Company’s common stock, along with associated Tranche A Warrants and Tranche B Warrants, in full.

The Tranche A Warrants and Tranche B Warrants were issued on August 7, 2025. The Tranche A Warrants were immediately exercisable and the Tranche B Warrants were only exercisable upon receipt of required stockholder approval, which approval was received on October 3, 2025. See details of each set of warrants below.

Tranche A Warrants

Each Tranche A Warrant had an exercise price of $1.05 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The Tranche A Warrants were exercisable at any time on or after August 7, 2025 and any unexercised Tranche A Warrants were set to expire on August 7, 2027. The Tranche A Warrants were callable at the Company’s option following the release of 3-month randomized midpoint clinical data from the ongoing REMAIN-1 study, which data was published on September 26, 2025, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions including that the average trading price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $1.37 per share for 15 consecutive trading days and a minimum daily trading volume threshold. In December 2025, the Company satisfied the conditions necessary to call these warrants and exercised its call option. As of December 31,

2025, Tranche A Warrants were exercised to purchase 21,904,261 shares of the Company’s common stock for total proceeds of $23.0 million, $4.1 million of which was received in January 2026. The remaining unexercised 500 warrants were cancelled on December 30, 2025 upon expiration of the warrant call.

Tranche B Warrants

Each Tranche B Warrant has an exercise price per share of our common stock equal to $1.05, subject to certain adjustments. The Tranche B Warrants became exercisable upon receipt of required stockholder approval at the Special Meeting of Stockholders on October 3, 2025. Any unexercised Tranche B Warrants will expire on October 3, 2030, which is the date that is five years from the date that stockholder approval was received.

The fair value of the Tranche B Warrants was recorded as part of the warrant liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company remeasures the fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any adjustments being recorded as a component of other income (expense) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). As of March 31, 2026, Tranche B Warrants to purchase 21,147,002 shares of the Company’s common stock remained outstanding.