Note 3. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization with the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3).

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2 Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (e.g., interest rates); and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 Inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy. Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, prepaids, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, the royalty conversion feature on the Debenture (see Note 6) and warrants (Note 7). Due to the short maturity of our cash and cash equivalents, prepaids,

accounts payable and accrued liabilities, we believe that their carrying amounts approximate fair value as of March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025.

The Company determined that the Royalty conversion feature (Note 6) embedded in the Debenture is required to be accounted for separately from the Debenture as a derivative liability and recorded at fair value and the remaining value allocated to the Debenture net of the unamortized debt issuance costs. The derivative liability will be fair valued at each reporting period, with changes in fair value recorded as a loss or gain from change in fair value in the Condensed Consolidated Interim Statement of Operations. During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026, the fair value derivative liability increased by $1,403,823 and $4,343,593, respectively, and it was recorded as a loss from change in fair value of derivative liability on royalty convertible debenture on the Condensed Consolidated Interim Statement of Operations.

As of March 31, 2026, the Royalty conversion feature is recorded at $8,421,522 (June 30, 2025 - $4,077,929) and is valued based on Level 3 inputs. Several steps were used to calculate the fair value of the Royalty conversion feature on the Debenture. First utilizing the Royalty Agreement's royalty rate of 4.75% for the life of mine, the annual gross royalty amounts were calculated from estimated expected gross revenues of the proposed Grassy Mountain Mine. The gold and silver price assumption was derived by management based on its judgment, taking into account current pricing trends and trends observed in royalty transactions. Also, management considered the mineral reserves of the proposed mine. The annual royalty amounts were discounted using a long term stock market rate of return of 10%. In determining expected future cash flows, management has also considered a number of project-specific risk factors that affect the timing of commencement of production, including the completion of federal and state permitting, the ability to secure construction financing on acceptable terms, and uncertainties related to construction schedules. These risks and key input assumptions could materially impact both the timing and amount of the royalty payments, and therefore the fair value of the Royalty conversion feature. Second, a valuation technique was used to calculate the fair value of the conversion option.

Effective March 31, 2026, the Company changed the valuation technique used to measure the fair value the Royalty Conversion feature from the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model to a Monte Carlo Simulation framework. The change was made because appreciation in gold and silver prices have caused the Company's buyback provision to become economically substantive, and a closed-form option pricing model is not able to capture the interaction between the conversion and buyback features. The change in valuation technique was accounted for as a change in accounting estimate and was applied prospectively. For the nine months ended March 31, 2026, the increase in the gold and silver price assumptions have been the main driver in the increase of the cumulative present value of the royalty stream. The key assumptions in valuing the royalty conversion option derivative include:

As of March 31, 2026, the warrant liability is recorded at $4,145,605 and is valued based on Level 3 inputs (Note 7). The prefunded warrants are accounted for as a liability with the changes in fair value of the warrants are recognized in the condensed consolidated interim statement of operations. The cash consideration received at issuance date was reflective of the fair value of the prefunded warrants. To determine the fair value of the prefunded warrants as of March 31, 2026, a weighted-average discount for lack of marketability ("DLOM") rate was estimated by using the Chaffe and Finnerty models, which use Level 3 inputs, including the expected restriction period. A DLOM was applied because the shares issuable upon exercise are subject to resale restrictions under Rule 144 and therefore not immediately freely tradable in the public market. The DLOM rate of 15.09% was applied to the common stock price as of March 31, 2026 to determine the fair value.