Note 3. Securities

Available-for-sale securities (“AFS”), which include any security for which the Company has no immediate plan to sell, but which may be sold in the future, are carried at fair value. Realized gains and losses, based on specifically identified amortized cost of the individual security, are included in other income. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded, net of related income tax effects, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Premiums and discounts are amortized and accreted, respectively, to interest income using the constant effective yield method over the estimated life of the security. Prepayments are anticipated for mortgage-backed and Small Business Administration (“SBA”) securities. Premiums on callable securities are amortized to their earliest call date.

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Held-to-maturity securities (“HTM”), which include any security for which the Company has both the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity, are carried at historical cost adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Premiums and discounts are amortized and accreted, respectively, to interest income using the constant effective yield method over the security’s estimated life. Prepayments are anticipated for mortgage-backed and SBA securities. Premiums on callable securities are amortized to their earliest call date.

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The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value of securities AFS and HTM are summarized as follows (in thousands):

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At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, securities with a carrying value totaling approximately $334.7 million and $315.1 million, respectively, were pledged to secure public funds and securities sold under agreements to repurchase.

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For the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company recorded gross realized gains of $8 thousand and gross realized losses of $7 thousand.  For the three months ended March 31, 2025, there were no gross gains or gross losses related to the sale of investment securities.  

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The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities at March 31, 2026, by contractual maturity for non-mortgage-backed securities are shown below (in thousands). Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

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The following tables present the gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities AFS and HTM have been in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):

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For any securities classified as AFS that are in an unrealized loss position at the balance sheet date, the Company assesses whether it intends to sell the security, or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis which would require a write-down to fair value through net income. Because the Company currently does not intend to sell those AFS securities that have an unrealized loss at March 31, 2026, and it is not likely that they will be required to sell the securities before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity, the Company has determined that no write-down is necessary. In addition, the Company evaluates whether any portion of the decline in fair value of AFS securities is the result of credit deterioration, which would require the recognition of an allowance for credit losses.  The unrealized losses associated with available-for-sale securities at March 31, 2026, are driven by changes in interest rates and are not due to the credit quality of the securities, and accordingly, no allowance for credit losses is considered necessary related to available-for-sale securities at March 31, 2026.  Management evaluates the financial performance of the issuers on a quarterly basis to determine if it is probable that the issuers can make all contractual principal and interest payments.

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The unrealized losses in the Company’s HTM portfolio were caused by changes in the interest rate environment.  The Company has a zero-loss expectation for its U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) and mortgage-backed securities (GSEs), and accordingly, no allowance for credit losses is estimated for these securities.  The HTM municipal securities are primarily general obligation bonds, which have a very low historical default rate due to issuers generally having unlimited taxing authority to service the debt.  All debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2026, continue to perform as scheduled and we do not believe an allowance for credit losses is necessary.

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The Company utilizes bond credit ratings assigned by third party ratings agencies to monitor the credit quality of debt securities held-to-maturity.  At March 31, 2026, all rated debt securities classified as held-to-maturity were rated AA- or higher by at least one rating agency. Updated credit ratings are obtained as they become available from the ratings agencies.

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Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”)

There were no past due or nonaccrual AFS or HTM securities at March 31, 2026, or December 31, 2025.  Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses and based on the analysis of the underlying risk characteristics of its AFS and HTM portfolios, including credit ratings and other qualitative factors, there was no provision for credit losses

related to AFS or HTM securities recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2026, and 2025, respectively, because the ACL was deemed immaterial.

Other Investments:

Other investments consist of restricted non-marketable equity securities that have no readily determinable market value. Accordingly, when evaluating these securities for impairment, management considers the ultimate recoverability of the par value rather than recognizing temporary declines in value.  As of March 31, 2026, the Company determined that there was no impairment on its other investment securities.

The following is the amortized cost and carrying value of other investments (in thousands):

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