20. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Current accounting guidance on fair value measurements establishes a framework for measuring fair value and provides for expanded disclosures about fair value measurements. The guidance:

Inputs refer broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk. To increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and related disclosures, the fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The three levels of the hierarchy are defined as follows:

The categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for the assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Investments in MRBs, Taxable MRBs and Bond Purchase Commitments

The fair value of the Partnership’s investments in MRBs, taxable MRBs and bond purchase commitments as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, is based upon prices obtained from third-party pricing services, which are estimates of market prices. There is no active trading market for these securities, and price quotes for the securities are not available. The valuation methodology of the Partnership’s third-party pricing services incorporates commonly used market pricing methods. The valuation methodology considers the underlying characteristics of each security as well as other quantitative and qualitative characteristics including, but not limited to, market interest rates, illiquidity, legal structure of the borrower, collateral, seniority to other obligations, operating results of the underlying property, geographic location, and property quality. These characteristics are used to estimate an effective yield for each security. The security fair value is estimated using a discounted cash flow and yield to maturity or call analysis by applying the effective yield to contractual cash flows. Significant increases (decreases) in the effective yield would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value estimate. Changes in fair value due to an increase or decrease in the effective yield do not impact the Partnership’s cash flows.

The Partnership evaluates pricing data received from the third-party pricing services by evaluating consistency with information from either the third-party pricing services or public sources. The fair value estimates of the MRBs, taxable MRBs and bond purchase commitments are based largely on unobservable inputs believed to be used by market participants and requires the use of judgment on the part of the third-party pricing services and the Partnership. Due to the judgments involved, the fair value measurements of the Partnership’s investments in MRBs, taxable MRBs and bond purchase commitments are categorized as Level 3 assets.

Derivative Instruments

The effect of the Partnership’s interest rate swap agreements is to change a variable rate debt obligation to a fixed rate for that portion of the debt equal to the notional amount of the derivative agreement. The Partnership uses a third-party pricing service that incorporates commonly used market pricing methods to value the interest rate swaps. The fair value is based on a model that considers observable indices and observable market trades for similar arrangements and therefore the interest rate swaps are categorized as Level 2 assets or liabilities.

The effect of the Partnership’s interest rate cap was to set a cap, or upper limit, subject to performance of the counterparty, on the base rate of interest paid on the Partnership’s variable rate debt financings equal to the notional amount of the derivative agreement. The Partnership used a third-party pricing service to value the interest rate cap. The inputs into the interest rate cap agreements valuation model included SOFR rates, unobservable adjustments to account for the SIFMA index, as well as any recent interest rate cap trades with similar terms. The fair value was based on a model with inputs that are not observable and therefore the interest rate cap is categorized as a Level 3 asset.

The Partnership considered the Residency at Sky Village Hollywood GIL and taxable GIL to be available-for-sale securities as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The Partnership also considered the Sandoval Flats property loan to be held-for-sale as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. These assets are reported at fair value as of each reporting date, which in all cases, approximated the carrying value with no unrealized gains or losses.

Total gains and losses included in earnings for the derivative instruments are reported within “Net result from derivative transactions” in the Partnership's condensed consolidated statements of operations.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Partnership utilized a third-party pricing service to determine the fair value of the Partnership’s GILs, taxable GILs, and construction financing property loans that share a first mortgage lien with the GILs, which is an estimate of their market price. The valuation methodology of the Partnership’s third-party pricing service incorporates commonly used market pricing methods. The valuation methodology considers the underlying characteristics of the GILs and property loans as well as other quantitative and qualitative characteristics including, but not limited to, the progress of construction and operations of the underlying properties, and the financial capacity of guarantors. The valuation methodology also considers the probability that conditions for the execution of forward commitments to purchase the GILs will be met. Due to the judgments involved, the fair value measurements of the Partnership’s GILs, taxable GILs, and construction financing property loans are categorized as Level 3 assets. The estimated fair value of the GILs and taxable GILs was $138.9 million and $44.9 million as of March 31, 2026, respectively. The estimated fair value of the GILs and taxable GILs was $139.4 million and $44.8 million as of December 31, 2025, respectively. The fair value of the construction financing property loans approximated amortized cost as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Partnership utilized a third-party pricing service to determine the fair value of the Partnership’s financial liabilities, which are estimates of market prices. The valuation methodology of the Partnership’s third-party pricing service incorporates commonly used market pricing methods. The valuation methodology considers the underlying characteristics of each financial liability as well as other quantitative and qualitative characteristics including, but not limited to, market interest rates, legal structure, seniority to other obligations, operating results of the underlying assets, and asset quality. The financial liability values are then estimated using a discounted cash flow and yield to maturity or call analysis.

The Partnership evaluates pricing data received from the third-party pricing service, including consideration of current market interest rates, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the underlying collateral, and other information from either the third-party pricing service or public sources. The fair value estimates of these financial liabilities are based largely on unobservable inputs believed to be used by market participants and require the use of judgment on the part of the third-party pricing service and the Partnership. Due to the judgments involved, the fair value measurements of the Partnership’s financial liabilities are categorized as Level 3 liabilities. The TEBS Financings and the 2024 PFA Securitization Transaction are credit enhanced by Freddie Mac. The TOB trust financings are credit enhanced by either Mizuho or Barclays. The table below summarizes the fair value of the Partnership’s financial liabilities as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025:

Assets and Liabilities Acquired Via Deed In Lieu of Foreclosure

The Partnership recorded at fair value the real estate assets, operating assets and liabilities, in-place lease assets, and contingent liabilities acquired via deed in lieu of foreclosure of the SC MF Properties during the first quarter of 2026. The Partnership used a third-party appraised value that incorporated commonly used market pricing methods to value the real estate assets and in-place lease intangibles. The fair value was based on models incorporating significant unobservable inputs, including assumptions regarding future cash flows and an estimated capitalization rate of 5.25% and therefore the real estate and in-place lease assets are categorized as Level 3 assets. The significant inputs used in the valuation of the contingent liability included assumptions regarding the timing of future cash flows and therefore it is categorized as a Level 3 liability.