Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The Company groups its assets and liabilities measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. Valuations within these levels are based upon:

Level 1

Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date

Level 2

Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities

Level 3

Unobservable inputs that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing assets or liabilities

Management monitors the availability of observable market data to assess the appropriate classification of assets and liabilities within the fair value hierarchy. Changes in economic conditions or model-based valuation techniques may require the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to another. In such instances, the transfer is reported at the beginning of the reporting period. There were no transfers of financial instruments between fair value levels for any period presented.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value.

Securities – The Company utilizes an independent pricing service to advise it on the value of the securities portfolio. Where quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flows. For these investments, the inputs used by the pricing service to determine fair value may include one, or a combination of several, observable inputs such as benchmark yields, reported trades, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data market research publications and are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. For Level 3 securities, in addition to the inputs noted above, inputs used by the pricing service to determine fair value may also include estimated duration, municipal bond interest rate curve, and tax effected yield. There were no Level 3 securities as of March 31, 2026 or December 31, 2025. The Company’s treasury department and Asset Liability Management Committee review the aggregate fair values of the securities portfolio.

Loans Held for Sale – Fair values for loans held for sale are derived from current market pricing for similar loans, adjusted for the probability that a loan commitment will result in an originated loan.

Collateral-dependent Loans, net of Allowance for Credit Losses – Loans for which it is probable that the Company will not collect all principal and interest due according to contractual terms are measured to determine if any credit loss exists on a non-recurring basis. Allowable methods for determining the amount of the credit loss include estimating fair value using the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent loans. Specific allowances for these loans are based on comparisons of the recorded carrying values of the loans to the present value of the estimated cash flows of these loans at each loan’s effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral net of selling costs if the loan is collateral-dependent. Loans that are primarily collateral dependent loans are assessed using a fair value approach. Fair value estimates for collateral-dependent loans are derived from appraised values based on the current market value or as-is value of the property being appraised. Appraisals are based on certain assumptions, which may include construction or development status and the highest and best use of the property. The appraisals are reviewed by the Company’s appraisal department to ensure they are acceptable. Loans that have experienced a credit loss are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Other Real Estate Owned – Other real estate owned is initially recorded at fair value less cost to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated cost to sell. Fair value estimates begin with obtaining a current independent appraisal or internal evaluation of the collateral value. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are performed periodically by the Company’s appraisal department and any subsequent reduction in value is recognized by a charge to income.

Appraisals for both collateral-dependent loans and other real estate owned are performed by certified appraisers whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed by the Company. These appraisals are reviewed by a member of the Company’s appraisal department to ensure they are acceptable. Appraised values are adjusted down for costs associated with asset disposal. The significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) used in the fair value measurement of collateral for collateral-dependent loans and other real estate owned are primarily based on appraisals, observable market conditions, and other factors which may affect collectability. The appraisals use marketability and comparability discounts, which generally range from 5% to 15%. Assessment of the significance of a specific input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset. It is reasonably possible that a change in the estimated fair value for assets measured using Level 3 inputs could occur in the future.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below.

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

The following table presents estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value: