Note 3: Debt Securities Available for Sale and Held to Maturity

The Company uses its debt securities portfolio to manage interest rate risk, provide liquidity (including the ability to meet regulatory requirements), generate interest and dividend income, and as collateral for public deposits and wholesale funding sources. The Company’s debt securities portfolio includes debt securities classified as held to maturity and available for sale. While the Company intends to hold its debt securities to maturity, it may sell debt securities available for sale in response to structural changes in the balance sheet and related interest rate risk and to meet liquidity requirements, among other factors.

Debt securities available for sale are carried at fair value with net unrealized gains (losses) reported on an after-tax basis as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Debt securities held to maturity are carried at amortized cost. The following tables provide an analysis of the amortized cost and fair value by major categories of debt securities available for sale and debt securities held to maturity before allowance for credit losses of $1 thousand at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. In accordance with GAAP, unrealized gains and losses on held to maturity securities have not been recognized in the Company’s financial statements.

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The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity are shown in the following tables at the dates indicated:

Expected amortizing principal payments of collateralized loan obligations can differ from actual cash flows because the securities can be called and paid-off. Expected maturities of mortgage-related securities can differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. In addition, such factors as prepayments and interest rates may affect the yield on the carrying value of mortgage-related securities.

An analysis of the gross unrealized losses of the debt securities available for sale portfolio follows:

An analysis of gross unrecognized losses of the debt securities held to maturity portfolio follows:

Based upon the Company’s March 31, 2026 evaluation of debt securities available for sale and held to maturity, the unrealized losses on debt securities were caused by market conditions for these types of securities. Market interest rates are currently higher than the book yield of the securities, generally resulting in lower fair value compared with amortized cost. Evaluation of debt securities available for sale and held to maturity did not indicate lower fair values were caused by credit related indicators of the issuer. The Company continually monitors interest rate changes, risk premium spread changes, credit rating changes for issuers of bonds owned, collateralized loan obligations’ collateral levels, and corporate bond issuers’ common stock price changes. All collateralized loan obligations, obligations of states and political subdivisions, and corporate securities were investment grade rated at March 31, 2026.

The Company does not intend to sell any debt securities available for sale with a material unrealized loss and has concluded that it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell the debt securities prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis.

The Company evaluates held to maturity corporate debt securities individually, monitoring each issuer’s financial condition, profitability, cash flows and credit rating agency conclusions. The Company has evaluated each issuer’s historical financial performance and ability to service debt payments, including throughout and following past recessions. The Company has an expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis continues to be zero.

The fair values of debt securities could decline in the future if market interest rates rise, the general economy deteriorates, inflation increases, credit ratings decline, the issuers’ financial condition deteriorates, or the liquidity for debt securities declines. As a result, significant credit losses on debt securities may occur in the future.

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company’s debt securities pledged had a carrying value of $1,969,333 thousand and $1,952,111 thousand, respectively, primarily to secure public deposits, Federal Reserve Bank borrowings and securities sold under repurchase agreements.

An analysis of the gross unrealized losses of the debt securities available for sale portfolio follows:

An analysis of gross unrecognized losses of the debt securities held to maturity portfolio follows:

The Company evaluates debt securities on a quarterly basis including changes in security ratings issued by rating agencies, changes in the financial condition of the issuer, collateral levels and, for mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, delinquency and loss information with respect to the underlying collateral, changes in the levels of subordination for the Company’s particular position within the repayment structure and remaining credit enhancement as compared to expected credit losses of the security. In addition to monitoring credit rating agency evaluations, Management performs its own evaluations regarding the credit worthiness of the issuer or the securitized assets underlying asset backed securities. Management considers the $1 thousand allowance for credit losses on debt securities held to maturity to be adequate as a reserve against current expected credit losses in the debt securities held to maturity as of March 31, 2026.

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for debt securities held to maturity:

Agency mortgage-backed securities were assigned no credit loss allowance due to the perceived backing of government sponsored entities. Municipal securities were evaluated for risk of default based on credit rating and remaining term to maturity using Moody’s risk of default factors; Moody’s loss upon default factors were applied to the assumed defaulted principal amounts to estimate the amount for credit loss allowance. Corporate securities held to maturity were individually evaluated for expected credit loss by evaluating the issuer’s financial condition, profitability, cash flows, and credit ratings. At March 31, 2026, no credit loss allowance was assigned to corporate securities held to maturity.

The following table summarizes the amortized cost of debt securities held to maturity at March 31, 2026, aggregated by credit rating:

There were no debt securities held to maturity on nonaccrual status or past due 30 days or more as of March 31, 2026.

The following table provides information about the amount of interest income earned on investment securities which is fully taxable and which is exempt from federal income tax: