<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" ?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 6.5a -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Misc; Value: 96Mps7xRiXgen8uDanwsWa2HmbP9z5Z8KekhvWB4bQm6/y4gO0l8cyJlHaUmYRcG -->
<schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2026" xmlns:us-types="http://fasb.org/us-types/2026" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2022-03-31" xmlns:ecd="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026" xmlns:country="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2026" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2026" xmlns:cyd="http://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/2026" xmlns:iso4217="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217" xmlns:nonnum="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/non-numeric" xmlns:MTNB="http://matinasbiopharma.com/20260331" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://matinasbiopharma.com/20260331">
    <annotation>
      <appinfo>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/Cover" id="Cover">
          <link:definition>00000001 - Document - Cover</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/BalanceSheets" id="BalanceSheets">
          <link:definition>00000002 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/BalanceSheetsParenthetical" id="BalanceSheetsParenthetical">
          <link:definition>00000003 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/StatementsOfOperations" id="StatementsOfOperations">
          <link:definition>00000004 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/StatementsOfStockholdersEquity" id="StatementsOfStockholdersEquity">
          <link:definition>00000005 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/StatementsOfStockholdersEquityParenthetical" id="StatementsOfStockholdersEquityParenthetical">
          <link:definition>00000006 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/StatementsOfCashFlows" id="StatementsOfCashFlows">
          <link:definition>00000007 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/DescriptionOfBusiness" id="DescriptionOfBusiness">
          <link:definition>999015 - Disclosure - Description of Business</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/LiquidityPlanOfOperationsAndGoingConcern" id="LiquidityPlanOfOperationsAndGoingConcern">
          <link:definition>999016 - Disclosure - Liquidity, Plan of Operations and Going Concern</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies" id="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies">
          <link:definition>999017 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndMarketableDebtSecurities" id="CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndMarketableDebtSecurities">
          <link:definition>999018 - Disclosure - Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Debt Securities</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/FairValueMeasurements" id="FairValueMeasurements">
          <link:definition>999019 - Disclosure - Fair Value Measurements</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/LeaseholdImprovementsAndEquipment" id="LeaseholdImprovementsAndEquipment">
          <link:definition>999020 - Disclosure - Leasehold Improvements and Equipment</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilities" id="AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilities">
          <link:definition>999021 - Disclosure - Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/Leases" id="Leases">
          <link:definition>999022 - Disclosure - Leases</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/StockholdersEquity" id="StockholdersEquity">
          <link:definition>999023 - Disclosure - Stockholders&#8217; Equity</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/Stock-basedCompensation" id="Stock-basedCompensation">
          <link:definition>999024 - Disclosure - Stock-based Compensation</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/SubsequentEvents" id="SubsequentEvents">
          <link:definition>999025 - Disclosure - Subsequent Events</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" id="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies">
          <link:definition>999026 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndMarketableDebtSecuritiesTables" id="CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndMarketableDebtSecuritiesTables">
          <link:definition>999027 - Disclosure - Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Debt Securities (Tables)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/LeaseholdImprovementsAndEquipmentTables" id="LeaseholdImprovementsAndEquipmentTables">
          <link:definition>999028 - Disclosure - Leasehold Improvements and Equipment (Tables)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesTables" id="AccruedExpensesAndOtherLiabilitiesTables">
          <link:definition>999029 - Disclosure - Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities (Tables)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/LeasesTables" id="LeasesTables">
          <link:definition>999030 - Disclosure - Leases (Tables)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/StockholdersEquityTables" id="StockholdersEquityTables">
          <link:definition>999031 - Disclosure - Stockholders&#8217; Equity (Tables)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/Stock-basedCompensationTables" id="Stock-basedCompensationTables">
          <link:definition>999032 - Disclosure - Stock-based Compensation (Tables)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/LiquidityPlanOfOperationsAndGoingConcernDetailsNarrative" id="LiquidityPlanOfOperationsAndGoingConcernDetailsNarrative">
          <link:definition>999033 - Disclosure - Liquidity, Plan of Operations and Going Concern (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCashDetails" id="ScheduleOfCashCashEquivalentsAndRestrictedCashDetails">
          <link:definition>999034 - Disclosure - Schedule of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndMarketableDebtSecuritiesDetailsNarrative" id="CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndMarketableDebtSecuritiesDetailsNarrative">
          <link:definition>999035 - Disclosure - Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Debt Securities (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/ScheduleOfLeaseholdImprovementsAndEquipmentDetails" id="ScheduleOfLeaseholdImprovementsAndEquipmentDetails">
          <link:definition>999036 - Disclosure - Schedule of Leasehold Improvements and Equipment (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/LeaseholdImprovementsAndEquipmentDetailsNarrative" id="LeaseholdImprovementsAndEquipmentDetailsNarrative">
          <link:definition>999037 - Disclosure - Leasehold Improvements and Equipment (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesDetails" id="ScheduleOfAccruedExpensesDetails">
          <link:definition>999038 - Disclosure - Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/ScheduleOfMaturityOfOperatingAndFinanceLeasesLiabilitiesDetails" id="ScheduleOfMaturityOfOperatingAndFinanceLeasesLiabilitiesDetails">
          <link:definition>999039 - Disclosure - Schedule of Maturity of Operating and Finance Leases Liabilities (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/LeasesDetailsNarrative" id="LeasesDetailsNarrative">
          <link:definition>999040 - Disclosure - Leases (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/ScheduleOfChangesInPreferredStockOutstandingDetails" id="ScheduleOfChangesInPreferredStockOutstandingDetails">
          <link:definition>999041 - Disclosure - Schedule of Changes in Preferred Stock Outstanding (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/ScheduleOfShareholderEquityWarrantsOutstandingDetails" id="ScheduleOfShareholderEquityWarrantsOutstandingDetails">
          <link:definition>999042 - Disclosure - Schedule of Shareholder Equity Warrants Outstanding (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/ScheduleOfPotentiallyDilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfDilutedNetLossPerShareDetails" id="ScheduleOfPotentiallyDilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfDilutedNetLossPerShareDetails">
          <link:definition>999043 - Disclosure - Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Securities Excluded from Computation Of Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/StockholdersEquityDetailsNarrative" id="StockholdersEquityDetailsNarrative">
          <link:definition>999044 - Disclosure - Stockholders&#8217; Equity (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/ScheduleOfRecognizedStock-basedCompensationDetails" id="ScheduleOfRecognizedStock-basedCompensationDetails">
          <link:definition>999045 - Disclosure - Schedule of Recognized Stock-Based Compensation (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/ScheduleOfStockOptionActivityDetails" id="ScheduleOfStockOptionActivityDetails">
          <link:definition>999046 - Disclosure - Schedule of Stock Option Activity (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/Stock-basedCompensationDetailsNarrative" id="Stock-basedCompensationDetailsNarrative">
          <link:definition>999047 - Disclosure - Stock-based Compensation (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://matinasbiopharma.com/role/SubsequentEventsDetailsNarrative" id="SubsequentEventsDetailsNarrative">
          <link:definition>999048 - Disclosure - Subsequent Events (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mtnb-20260331_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Presentation Links" />
        <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mtnb-20260331_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Label Links" />
        <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mtnb-20260331_cal.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/calculationLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Calculation Links" />
        <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mtnb-20260331_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Definition Links" />
      </appinfo>
    </annotation>
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-types/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-types-2026.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2022-03-31" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2022-03-31/types.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2026/country-2026.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2026/elts/srt-2026.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/cyd/2026/cyd-2026.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/non-numeric" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/nonNumeric-2009-12-16.xsd" />
    <element id="MTNB_SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember" name="SeriesCConvertiblePreferredStockMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_ConvertiblePreferredStockSeriesCMember" name="ConvertiblePreferredStockSeriesCMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_UnderwrittenPublicOfferingMember" name="UnderwrittenPublicOfferingMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_SalesAgreementMember" name="SalesAgreementMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember" name="SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_InitialClosingMember" name="InitialClosingMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_CommonStockAndWarrantsMember" name="CommonStockAndWarrantsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_SecondClosingMember" name="SecondClosingMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_TwoThousandAndTwentyFourWarrantsMember" name="TwoThousandAndTwentyFourWarrantsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_TwoThousandAndTwentyFiveWarrantsMember" name="TwoThousandAndTwentyFiveWarrantsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_ExchangeAgreementMember" name="ExchangeAgreementMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_AprilWarrantMember" name="AprilWarrantMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_TwoThousandThirteenEquityCompensationPlanMember" name="TwoThousandThirteenEquityCompensationPlanMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_TwoThousandTwentyFiveEquityIncentivePlanMember" name="TwoThousandTwentyFiveEquityIncentivePlanMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_TwoThousandTwentyFiveEquityCompensationPlanMember" name="TwoThousandTwentyFiveEquityCompensationPlanMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesMember" name="ResearchAndDevelopmentExpensesMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember" name="GeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_PreferredStockStatedValuePerShare" name="PreferredStockStatedValuePerShare" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_GainLossOnChangeInFairValueOfWarrantLiability" name="GainLossOnChangeInFairValueOfWarrantLiability" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_FairValueAtIssuanceOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrants" name="FairValueAtIssuanceOfLiabilityClassifiedWarrants" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_DisclosureLeasesAbstract" name="DisclosureLeasesAbstract" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_ScheduleOfMaturityOfOperatingAndFinanceLeasesLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" name="ScheduleOfMaturityOfOperatingAndFinanceLeasesLiabilitiesTableTextBlock" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_AccruedGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesCurrent" name="AccruedGeneralAndAdministrativeExpensesCurrent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_IncreaseOfRentExpenses" name="IncreaseOfRentExpenses" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_PaymentOnTerminationOfLeaseContract" name="PaymentOnTerminationOfLeaseContract" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_AdjustmentOfSecurityDepositForTerminationOfLeaseContract" name="AdjustmentOfSecurityDepositForTerminationOfLeaseContract" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_CashPaymentOnTerminationOfLeaseContract" name="CashPaymentOnTerminationOfLeaseContract" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisedInPeriodGross" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardOptionsExercisedInPeriodGross" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExchanged" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExchanged" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_CommonStockStatedValuePerShare" name="CommonStockStatedValuePerShare" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_WarrantsToPurchaseAggregateOfSharesOfCommonStockPercentage" name="WarrantsToPurchaseAggregateOfSharesOfCommonStockPercentage" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_ScheduleOfRecognizedStockBasedCompensationTable" name="ScheduleOfRecognizedStockBasedCompensationTable" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" />
    <element id="MTNB_ScheduleOfRecognizedStockBasedCompensationLineItems" name="ScheduleOfRecognizedStockBasedCompensationLineItems" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_IncomeStatementsLocationAxis" name="IncomeStatementsLocationAxis" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:dimensionItem" />
    <element id="MTNB_IncomeStatementsLocationDomain" name="IncomeStatementsLocationDomain" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_ShareBasedCompensationPlanSharesAuthorizedIncrease" name="ShareBasedCompensationPlanSharesAuthorizedIncrease" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_ShareBasedCompensationPlanPercentageOfOutstandingSharesToBeAdded" name="ShareBasedCompensationPlanPercentageOfOutstandingSharesToBeAdded" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_StockAwardsIncludingRestrictedStockGrantsAndOptionGrantsIssuedAndExercised" name="StockAwardsIncludingRestrictedStockGrantsAndOptionGrantsIssuedAndExercised" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_StockAwardsAvailableForGrant" name="StockAwardsAvailableForGrant" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MTNB_ReclassificationOfWarrantsFromLiabilityToEquity" name="ReclassificationOfWarrantsFromLiabilityToEquity" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
</schema>
