Initial Public Offering and Related Transactions

In February 2025, the Company completed its initial public offering ("IPO") with the sale of 6,120,661 shares of common stock at an initial public offering price of $16.00 per share, which included the partial exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase 232,661 additional shares, which resulted in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $87.5 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $6.9 million and offering-related transaction costs of approximately $3.5 million.

In addition, in connection with the completion of the IPO on February 14, 2025, all outstanding shares of convertible preferred stock were converted into 11,439,838 shares of the Company’s common stock and the Company’s certificate of incorporation was amended and restated to authorize 490,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock.

ATM Facility

In March 2026, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with Piper Sandler & Co. (the “Agent”), pursuant to which the Company may, from time to time, offer and sell through the Agent shares (the “Shares”) of its common stock (the “ATM Facility”). The issuance and sale of the Shares, if any, will be made pursuant to the Company’s shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration Statement No. 333-294537), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 23, 2026, including the equity distribution agreement prospectus (the “Equity Distribution Agreement Prospectus”) contained therein. Pursuant to the Equity Distribution Agreement Prospectus, the Company may offer and sell Shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $150.0 million. The Equity Distribution Agreement provides that the Company will pay the Agent a commission at a rate of 3.0% of the gross sales price per Share sold under the Equity Distribution Agreement. The Company has no obligation to sell any Shares under the Equity Distribution Agreement. As of March 31, 2026, no shares of common stock have been sold under the ATM Facility.

Equity Incentive Plans

In December 2024, the Company’s board of directors adopted the 2025 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2025 Plan”), and the Company’s stockholders approved the 2025 Plan in February 2025. The 2025 Plan, pursuant to which 2,150,000 shares were initially reserved for issuance, became effective on February 11, 2025. Upon the effectiveness of the 2025 Plan, no further grants will be made under the 2017 Stock Plan (as amended, the “Plan”). In May 2025, the Company adopted the 2025 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan (the "2025 Inducement Plan", and collectively with the 2025 Plan and the Plan, referred to as the "Plans") pursuant to which an additional 900,000 shares of common stock were reserved to be used exclusively for the grant of equity awards as a material inducement for individuals to commence employment with the Company in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4).

The maximum term of the options granted under the Plans is no more than ten years. Grants generally vest at 25% one year from the vesting commencement date and ratably each month thereafter for a period of 36 months, subject to continuous service. The Plans allow for the early exercise of all stock options granted if authorized by the board of directors at the time of grant. Any shares of common stock issued from the early exercise of stock options are restricted and vest over time. The Company has the option to repurchase any unvested shares at the lower of the original issue price or current fair value upon any voluntary or involuntary termination of such optionee.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

As of March 31, 2026, the unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding time-based options was $25.9 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.2 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In January 2025, the Company’s board of directors adopted the 2025 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP"), which became effective on February 11, 2025. The ESPP permits participants to purchase common stock through payroll deductions of up to 100% of their eligible compensation. Initially, a total of 215,000 shares of common stock was reserved for issuance under the ESPP. The first offering period under the ESPP commenced in April 2025. Stock compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2026 related to the ESPP was immaterial. As of March 31, 2026, the unrecognized compensation cost related to current offering periods under the ESPP was $0.7 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.0 year.