Basic net loss per share of common stock attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. The Company has excluded zero and 8,618 weighted-average shares subject to repurchase or forfeiture from the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

Basic and diluted net loss attributable to common holders per share is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities as the convertible preferred stock were considered participating securities because they participated in dividends with the common stock. The Company also considers the shares issued upon the early exercise of stock options subject to repurchase to be participating securities because holders of such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights in the event a dividend is paid on common stock. The holders of all series of convertible preferred stock and the holders of early exercised shares subject to repurchase do not have a contractual obligation to share in the Company’s losses. As such, the net loss was attributed entirely to common stockholders. Because the Company has reported a net loss for all periods presented, diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share for those periods. Accordingly, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted shares outstanding.