11. Fair Value Measurements

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), defines fair value as the price that would be received for an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date, and establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value as follows:

Level 1 – Observable inputs (unadjusted) that reflect unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, including the Company’s own assumptions in determining fair value.

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities subject to the three-level fair value hierarchy consist principally of cash and equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, long-term and short-term debt, derivative financial instruments, and contingent consideration payable. The estimated fair value of cash included in cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximates their carrying value due to their short maturities (less than 12 months).

Debt

The Company’s short- and long-term debt are recorded at their carrying values in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, which may differ from their respective fair values. The estimated fair values of the Company’s short- and long-term debt approximate their carrying values as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, based on interest rates currently available to the Company for similar borrowings.

Money market funds (included in cash and cash equivalents)

Money market funds are recorded at fair value using quoted market prices in active markets and are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

Short-term investments

The Company estimates the fair values of investments in U.S. treasuries, commercial paper, and certificates of deposit using Level 2 inputs, taking into consideration valuations obtained from a third-party pricing service. The pricing services utilize industry standard valuation models, including both income and market-based approaches, for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, to estimate fair value. These inputs include reported trades of and broker/dealer quotes on the same or similar securities, issuer credit spreads, market yield curves, benchmark securities, prepayment/default projections based on historical data, and other observable inputs.

Derivative financial instruments

The Company uses interest rate caps and swaps to manage interest rate risk. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves, and implied volatilities.

To comply with the provisions of ASC 820, the Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements.

Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparties. The Company has determined that the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments made to its derivative contracts, which determination was based on the fair value of each individual contract, was not significant to the overall valuation. As a result, all of its derivatives held as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 were classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Contingent consideration

Deferred consideration resulting from a previous acquisition, which was subject to meeting certain revenue metrics during calendar years 2024 and 2025, is measured at fair value on a recurring basis. During the first quarter of 2026, management estimated the fair value of the contingent consideration liability by calculating the present value of the expected payment at the conclusion of the measurement period. This assessment was performed using a probability-weighted approach, which incorporated updated assumptions reflecting increased certainty and reduced variability in the range of probable outcomes for the final three months of the measurement period. At March 31, 2026, the fair value of the contingent consideration associated with this acquisition was estimated to be $3.0 million, all of which was included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The change in estimate of contingent consideration subsequent to initial measurement as of the acquisition date was recorded in transaction, integration, and restructuring expense in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Earnout liabilities are classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy because the methodology used to develop the estimated fair value includes significant unobservable inputs reflecting management’s own assumptions. The table below presents a reconciliation of earnout liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the estimated fair values of all of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities subject to the three-level fair value hierarchy approximated their carrying values due to their short-term maturities (less than 12 months).

Non-recurring fair value measurements

Certain assets and liabilities, including property and equipment, lease right-of-use assets, goodwill, and other intangible assets, are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets are remeasured when the derived fair value is below the carrying value on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. For these assets, the Company does not periodically adjust carrying value to fair value except in the event of impairment. When impairment has occurred, the Company measures the required charges and adjusts the carrying value as discussed in Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the notes to the consolidated financial statements in the Company’s 2025 Form 10-K.