Financial Instruments

Financial instruments recorded at fair value are classified using a fair value hierarchy that reflects the significance of the inputs to fair value measurements. The three levels of hierarchy are:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 – Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data.

Financial instruments are measured at amortized cost or at fair value. Financial instruments measured at amortized cost consist of accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities wherein the carrying value approximates fair value due to its short-term nature. Other financial instruments measured at amortized cost include notes payable, lease liabilities, and convertible debentures wherein the carrying value at the effective interest rate approximates fair value as the interest rate for notes payable and the interest rate used to discount the host debt contract for convertible debentures approximate a market rate for similar instruments offered to the Company.

Cash are measured at Level 1 inputs. Derivative assets and derivative liabilities are measured at fair value based on the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which uses Level 3 inputs. Convertible debentures are measured at fair value based on the Monte Carlo and Black-Scholes simulation model, which uses Level 3 inputs.

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial instruments as of March 31, 2026:

   Schedule of Financial Instruments 

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial instruments as of December 31, 2025:

The carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments carried at amortized cost approximate fair values due to their short duration.

Financial Risk Management Objectives and Policies

The Company is exposed to various financial risks resulting from both its operations and its investments activities. The Company’s management, with the Board of Directors oversight, manages financial risks. Where material, these risks will be reviewed and monitored by the Board of Directors.

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of an unexpected loss if a customer or third party to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and receivables. The Company’s cash is held through United States and Canadian financial institutions and no losses have been incurred in relation to these items. The carrying amount of cash, promissory note receivable, and trade and other receivables represent the maximum exposure to credit risk. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the net amount of maximum exposure risk was $8,390,013 and $3,783,375, respectively.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations associated with financial liabilities. The Company manages liquidity risk through the management of its capital structure. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure that it will have sufficient liquidity to settle obligations and liabilities when due.

The Company has the following contractual obligations as of March 31, 2026:

   Schedule of Contractual Obligations 

The Company has the following contractual obligations as of December 31, 2025:

Currency risk

The Company is exposed to currency risk related to the fluctuation of foreign exchange rates and the degree of volatility of those rates. Currency risk is limited to the portion of the Company’s business transactions and balances denominated in currencies other than the United States dollar.

Assuming all other variables remain constant, a fluctuation of +/- 5.0 percent in the exchange rate between the United States dollar and the Canadian dollar would impact the carrying value of the net monetary assets by approximately +/- $548,000. To date, the Company has not entered into financial derivative contracts to manage exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. Cash bear interest at market rates. The Company’s financial liabilities have fixed rates of interest and therefore expose the Company to a limited interest rate fair value risk.

Crypto Currency Risk

We hold Bitcoin as part of our treasury assets. The value of Bitcoin is highly volatile and can be influenced by various factors, including market demand, regulatory developments, technological changes, and broader economic conditions. A significant decline in Bitcoin’s market price could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, the evolving regulatory landscape for digital assets may impose new compliance requirements or restrictions, potentially impacting our ability to hold or transact in Bitcoin. Security risks, such as cyberattacks or loss of private keys, could also result in the loss of our Bitcoin holdings. These factors collectively pose risks to our business and financial performance.