v3.26.1
Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies (Policies)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2026
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Consolidation The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. include the accounts of the Parent Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Basis of Accounting The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to the SEC Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X; therefore, they do not include all information and footnotes necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows in conformity with GAAP. All adjustments consisting of normally recurring accruals that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position and results of operations for the periods covered by this Report have been included. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in Pinnacle's 2025 Form 10-K.
Reclassifications
Reclassifications
Prior periods consolidated financial statements are reclassified whenever necessary to conform to the current period's presentation.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
In preparing the consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the respective consolidated balance sheets and the reported amounts of revenue and expense for the periods presented. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the ACL, estimates of fair value, income taxes, contingent liabilities and the purchase price allocation associated with the Merger.
Business Combinations
Business Combinations
Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method, in which the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are generally measured and recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date, with the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired capitalized as goodwill. Items such as acquired right-of-use (ROU) lease assets and operating lease liabilities as lessee, employee benefit plans, and income-tax related balances are recognized in accordance with other applicable GAAP, which may result in measurements that differ from fair value. Business combinations are included in the consolidated financial statements from the respective dates of acquisition. Historical reporting periods reflect only the results of legacy Pinnacle operations. Merger-related expenses are recorded in non-interest expense in the period incurred. Additional information regarding the Merger can be found in Note 2 - Business Combination.
Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL)
Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL)
The Company estimates its ACL in accordance with the CECL methodology as required by ASC 326. Management assesses the adequacy of the ACL on a quarterly basis. This assessment includes procedures to estimate expected credit losses and to evaluate the appropriateness of the resulting allowance balance. The ACL represents management’s estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining contractual life of loans held for investment as of the balance sheet date.
The ACL is based on management’s evaluation of historical loss experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. In developing the estimate, management considers asset quality trends, portfolio composition and concentrations, borrower performance and repayment capacity (including the timing of future payments), collateral values, industry conditions, underwriting standards, risk rating migration, policy exceptions, results of internal and independent loan reviews, peer and regulatory information, and other qualitative factors deemed relevant. The ACL is increased through the provision for credit losses and reduced by charge‑offs, net of recoveries.
Credit Loss Estimation Methodologies
The Company’s loan loss estimation process is designed to reflect the unique risk characteristics of its loan portfolio segments—Commercial & Industrial, Commercial Real Estate, and Consumer—while applying a consistent, principles‑based framework across all segments. Each portfolio segment is further disaggregated into loan classes, which represent the level at which credit risk is evaluated and credit quality is monitored.

Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual life of the loan, adjusted for expected prepayments and curtailments, using modeling approaches that incorporate key drivers of credit risk, including borrower default risk, exposure at default, and expected loss severity. These estimates rely on forecasted probabilities of default and loss severity assumptions informed by historical loss experience, collateral characteristics, and other relevant loan‑level and portfolio‑level factors.

Macroeconomic conditions are incorporated into the estimation process through forward‑looking forecasts applied across multiple probability‑weighted scenarios representing a range of plausible economic outcomes. Such variables may include, among others, unemployment rates, gross domestic product, commercial and residential property price indices, household debt and financial obligation ratios, and other relevant economic measures. Forecasts of these variables are obtained from independent third‑party sources and used as inputs into the Company’s credit loss models. Collectively, these inputs are used to estimate life‑of‑loan expected credit losses in a manner that is responsive to changes in portfolio composition, credit quality, and the economic environment.
Reasonable and Supportable Forecast Period
Expected credit losses are estimated over a period for which management is able to develop reasonable and supportable economic forecasts. For periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast horizon, the Company reverts expected credit losses to long‑term historical averages using a straight‑line methodology. The length of the reasonable and supportable forecast period and the reversion period are evaluated quarterly and may vary based on economic conditions, portfolio characteristics, and modeling considerations.
Qualitative Adjustments
Modeled expected credit losses are supplemented by qualitative adjustments to capture risks not fully reflected in the quantitative models. Qualitative factors may include, among others, changes in portfolio concentrations, lending policies, underwriting practices, competitive conditions, economic forecast limitations, loan maturity extensions, team member experience and turnover, independent loan review results, regulatory developments, and emerging risks that are not represented in historical loss data. These adjustments, in management's judgment, are necessary to reflect losses expected in the portfolio and are based on management's analysis of current and expected economic conditions and their impact to the portfolio.
Individually Analyzed Loans
Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with collectively evaluated pools are evaluated on an individual basis. Individual evaluations are generally performed for loans that have experienced significant credit deterioration or where repayment is expected to be substantially dependent on the operation or sale of the underlying collateral.
For individually analyzed loans, expected credit losses are measured using either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or the fair value of the collateral, less estimated selling costs, when the loan is collateral‑dependent.
When management determines that a portion of an individually analyzed loan is uncollectible, the uncollectible amount is written off against the ACL.
Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
The Company modifies loans for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the normal course of business. An assessment of financial difficulty is made at the time of modification. Because the effects of most loan modifications are already incorporated into the ACL through the Company’s modeling methodologies, a modification generally does not result in an additional allowance adjustment. When principal forgiveness is granted, the forgiven amount is deemed uncollectible and is written off against the ACL.
Purchased Loans
Purchased loans are evaluated at acquisition to determine whether they have experienced more‑than‑insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination. Loans identified as PCD are recorded at amortized cost, inclusive of an initial ACL established through a gross‑up of the loan’s carrying value, with no immediate impact to earnings. Subsequent changes in expected credit losses on PCD loans are recognized through the provision for credit losses.
Loans acquired in a business combination are recognized on the acquisition date at their estimated fair value based on expected future cash flows discounted at a market-based rate of interest and inclusive of adjustments for credit risk, interest rate risk, liquidity and other factors. Acquired loans that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination are classified as PCD loans. An ACL is established for the initial estimate of expected credit losses on PCD loans as of the acquisition date and recorded through a gross-up adjustment to the loan's amortized cost basis. In addition, we adopted ASU 2025-08 as of January 1, 2026, whereby non-PCD loans acquired in a business combination are deemed purchased seasoned loans with an ACL also established for the initial estimate of expected credit losses as of the acquisition date and recorded through a gross-up adjustment to the loans' amortized cost basis. See Note 2 - Business Combinations for additional information on loans acquired in a business combination.
Accrued Interest Receivable
Accrued interest receivable is presented in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Consistent with ASC 326, the Company generally does not record an ACL for accrued interest receivable, as non‑accrual policies result in timely write‑off of uncollectible accrued interest.
Independent Credit Review
In assessing the adequacy of the ACL, management considers the results of internal and independent loan review processes, including reviews performed by third‑party firms and regulatory examiners. These reviews assist management in identifying loans with elevated credit risk and in evaluating the overall risk profile of the loan portfolio.
Estimation Uncertainty
The estimation of expected credit losses is inherently subjective and requires the use of judgment. Actual credit losses may differ from management’s estimates due to changes in economic conditions, borrower behavior, collateral values, or other factors beyond the Company’s control. Accordingly, future provisions for credit losses may materially differ from those recorded in the current period.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Off‑Balance‑Sheet Credit Exposures
The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses on off‑balance‑sheet credit exposures, including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit, unless the obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the exposure, considering the likelihood that the commitment will be funded and the expected credit loss occurs on the resulting funded balance. Loss assumptions for off‑balance‑sheet exposures are generally consistent with those used for similar on‑balance‑sheet loan segments. The allowance for off‑balance‑sheet credit exposures is included in other liabilities, with changes recognized through the provision for credit losses.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The following table provides a brief description of accounting standards adopted in 2026 or recently issued and the estimated effect on the Company’s financial statements.
StandardDescriptionRequired date of adoptionEffect on Company's financial statements or other significant matters
Standards Adopted
ASU 2025-06 —Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use SoftwareIn September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06 to clarify and modernize the accounting for costs related to internal-use software. The ASU removes all references to project stages throughout ASC 350-40 and clarifies the threshold entities should apply to begin capitalizing costs. The ASU addresses investor feedback that the current guidance for software costs is outdated and not relevant given the evolution of software development. The ASU requires disclosures under ASC 360-10 be applied to all capitalized software costs accounted for under ASC 350-40, regardless of how those costs are presented in the financial statements. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period but must be applied as of the beginning of the annual period that includes that interim period. The ASU may be adopted prospectively, retrospectively, or on a modified transition approach.January 1, 2028The Company has early adopted this standard on a prospective basis as of January 1, 2026 for both annual and interim reporting periods therein. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact to the consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2025-08 —Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326) —Purchased Loans
In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-08 to expand the population of acquired financial assets subject to the gross-up approach in Topic 326. In accordance with the amendments in this ASU, loans (excluding credit cards) acquired without credit deterioration and deemed "seasoned" are purchased seasoned loans and accounted for using the gross-up approach at acquisition. All non-purchased credit deteriorated ("non-PCD") loans (excluding credit cards) that are acquired in a business combination are deemed seasoned. Other non-PCD loans (excluding credit cards) are seasoned if they were purchased at least 90 days after origination and the acquirer was not involved in the origination of the loans. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively to loans that are acquired on or after the initial application date. Early adoption is permitted in an interim or annual reporting period in which financial statements have not yet been issued or made available for issuance.
January 1, 2027
The Company has early adopted this standard on a prospective basis as of January 1, 2026 for both annual and interim reporting periods therein. Accordingly, the initial estimate of expected credit losses of $478 million for acquired Synovus loans recognized in the allowance for loan losses included both PCD and non-PCD loans. See Note 2 - Business Combinations and Note 5 - Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses herein for more information.
StandardDescriptionRequired date of adoptionEffect on Company's financial statements or other significant matters
Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted
ASU 2024-03, Income Statement (Topic 220): Disaggregation of Income Statement ExpensesIn November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 to improve the disclosures over expenses and address requests from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The ASU addresses investors requests for more disaggregated expense information to better understand an entity's performance, better assess the entity's prospects for future cash flows, and compare an entity's performance over time and with that of other entities. This ASU requires disclosure in the notes to the financial statements of specified information about certain costs and expenses. Retrospective application in all prior periods is permitted.January 1, 2027The Company will prospectively adopt for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027.