Description of Business	3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2026
Description of Business
Description of Business	1. Description of Business Overview Icahn Enterprises L.P. (“Icahn Enterprises”) is a master limited partnership formed in Delaware on February 17, 1987. References to “we,” “our” or “us” herein include both Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings L.P. (“Icahn Enterprises Holdings”) and their subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires. Icahn Enterprises owns a 99% limited partner interest in Icahn Enterprises Holdings. Icahn Enterprises Holdings and its subsidiaries own substantially all of our assets and liabilities and conduct substantially all of our operations. Icahn Enterprises G.P. Inc. (“Icahn Enterprises GP”), which is indirectly owned and controlled by Mr. Carl C. Icahn, owns a 1% general partner interest in each of Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings as of March 31, 2026, representing an aggregate 1.99% general partner interest in Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings. Mr. Icahn and his affiliates owned approximately 86% of our outstanding depositary units as of March 31, 2026. Description of Continuing Operating Businesses We are a diversified holding company owning subsidiaries currently engaged in the following continuing operating businesses: Investment, Energy, Automotive, Food Packaging, Real Estate, Home Fashion and Pharma. We also report the results of our Holding Company, which includes the results of certain subsidiaries of Icahn Enterprises (unless otherwise noted), and investment activity and expenses associated with our Holding Company. See Note 13, “Segment Reporting,” for a reconciliation of each of our reporting segment’s results of operations to our consolidated results. Certain additional information with respect to our segments is discussed below. Investment Our Investment segment is comprised of various private investment funds (“Investment Funds”) in which we have general partner interests and through which we invest our proprietary capital. As general partner, we provide investment advisory and certain administrative and back-office services to the Investment Funds but do not provide such services to any other entities, individuals or accounts. We and certain of Mr. Icahn’s family members and affiliates are the only investors in the Investment Funds. Interests in the Investment Funds are not offered to outside investors. We had interests in the Investment Funds with a fair value of approximately $2.2 billion and $2.7 billion as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Energy We conduct our Energy segment through our majority owned subsidiary, CVR Energy, Inc. (“CVR Energy”), along with our interest in CVR Partners, LP, a publicly traded limited partnership (“CVR Partners”) and subsidiary of CVR Energy. CVR Energy is a diversified holding company primarily engaged in the petroleum refining and marketing businesses as well as in the nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing and distribution businesses through its holdings in CVR Partners. CVR Energy is an independent petroleum refiner and is a marketer of high value transportation fuels primarily in the form of gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and distillates. CVR Partners produces and markets nitrogen fertilizers in the form of urea ammonium nitrate (“UAN”) and ammonia. CVR Energy held 100% of the general partner interest and approximately 37% of the outstanding common units of CVR Partners as of March 31, 2026. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, we increased our ownership of CVR Energy by acquiring 783,404 shares for a total purchase price of approximately $16 million. As of March 31, 2026, we owned approximately 71% of the total outstanding common stock of CVR Energy and 3% of the outstanding common units of CVR Partners. In December 2025, our Energy segment converted the renewable diesel unit back to hydrocarbon processing service, in response to unfavorable market economics of renewable fuels and to improve feedstock optimization and alleviate certain logistical constraints within our refining operations. CVR Energy retains the flexibility to return the unit to renewable diesel service should market conditions and incentives become favorable. At present, the unit no longer processes renewable feedstocks, such as soybean oil, corn oil, and other similar feedstocks, into renewable diesel, and CVR Energy does not currently market renewable diesel. Automotive We conduct our Automotive segment through our wholly owned subsidiary, Icahn Automotive Group LLC (“Icahn Automotive”). The Automotive segment is engaged in providing a full range of automotive repair and maintenance services, along with the sale of any installed parts or materials related to automotive services (“Automotive Services”) to its customers, as well as sales of automotive aftermarket parts and retailed merchandise (“Aftermarket Parts”). We exited the Aftermarket Parts business in the first quarter of 2025. In addition to its primary businesses, the Automotive segment leases available and excess real estate in certain locations under long-term operating leases. Food Packaging We conduct our Food Packaging segment through our majority owned subsidiary, Viskase Holdings, Inc. (“Viskase”). Viskase is a producer of cellulosic, fibrous and plastic casings used to prepare and package processed meat products. In January 2026, Viskase completed an equity private placement whereby we acquired an additional 25,862,069 shares of Viskase common stock for $15 million. In March 2026, Viskase completed its previously announced merger with Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and the combined company operates as “Viskase Holdings, Inc.” We own approximately 94% of the outstanding common stock of the combined company. Real Estate We conduct our Real Estate segment through various wholly owned subsidiaries. Our Real Estate segment primarily consists of investment properties which includes land, retail, office and industrial properties leased to corporate tenants, the development and sale of single-family homes, and the operations of a resort and a country club. Home Fashion We conduct our Home Fashion segment through our wholly owned subsidiary, WestPoint Home LLC (“WPH”). WPH’s business consists of manufacturing, sourcing, marketing, distributing and selling hospitality and home fashion consumer products. Pharma We conduct our Pharma segment through our wholly owned subsidiary, Vivus LLC, formerly Vivus, Inc. (“Vivus”). Vivus is a specialty pharmaceutical company with two approved therapies: one for chronic weight management and the other for the treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. In addition, Vivus has two product candidates in active clinical development and two product candidates in early-stage development.

Description of Business

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

1. Description of Business

Overview

Icahn Enterprises L.P. (“Icahn Enterprises”) is a master limited partnership formed in Delaware on February 17, 1987. References to “we,” “our” or “us” herein include both Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings L.P. (“Icahn Enterprises Holdings”) and their subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires.

Icahn Enterprises owns a 99% limited partner interest in Icahn Enterprises Holdings. Icahn Enterprises Holdings and its subsidiaries own substantially all of our assets and liabilities and conduct substantially all of our operations. Icahn Enterprises G.P. Inc. (“Icahn Enterprises GP”), which is indirectly owned and controlled by Mr. Carl C. Icahn, owns a 1% general partner interest in each of Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings as of March 31, 2026, representing an aggregate 1.99% general partner interest in Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings. Mr. Icahn and his affiliates owned approximately 86% of our outstanding depositary units as of March 31, 2026.

Description of Continuing Operating Businesses

We are a diversified holding company owning subsidiaries currently engaged in the following continuing operating businesses: Investment, Energy, Automotive, Food Packaging, Real Estate, Home Fashion and Pharma. We also report the results of our Holding Company, which includes the results of certain subsidiaries of Icahn Enterprises (unless otherwise noted), and investment activity and expenses associated with our Holding Company. See Note 13, “Segment Reporting,” for a reconciliation of each of our reporting segment’s results of operations to our consolidated results. Certain additional information with respect to our segments is discussed below.

Investment

Our Investment segment is comprised of various private investment funds (“Investment Funds”) in which we have general partner interests and through which we invest our proprietary capital. As general partner, we provide investment advisory and certain administrative and back-office services to the Investment Funds but do not provide such services to any other entities, individuals or accounts. We and certain of Mr. Icahn’s family members and affiliates are the only investors in the Investment Funds. Interests in the Investment Funds are not offered to outside investors. We had interests in the Investment Funds with a fair value of approximately $2.2 billion and $2.7 billion as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Energy

We conduct our Energy segment through our majority owned subsidiary, CVR Energy, Inc. (“CVR Energy”), along with our interest in CVR Partners, LP, a publicly traded limited partnership (“CVR Partners”) and subsidiary of CVR Energy. CVR Energy is a diversified holding company primarily engaged in the petroleum refining and marketing businesses as well as in the nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing and distribution businesses through its holdings in CVR Partners. CVR Energy is an independent petroleum refiner and is a marketer of high value transportation fuels primarily in the form of gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and distillates. CVR Partners produces and markets nitrogen fertilizers in the form of urea ammonium nitrate (“UAN”) and ammonia. CVR Energy held 100% of the general partner interest and approximately 37% of the outstanding common units of CVR Partners as of March 31, 2026.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, we increased our ownership of CVR Energy by acquiring 783,404 shares for a total purchase price of approximately $16 million. As of March 31, 2026, we owned approximately 71% of the total outstanding common stock of CVR Energy and 3% of the outstanding common units of CVR Partners.

In December 2025, our Energy segment converted the renewable diesel unit back to hydrocarbon processing service, in response to unfavorable market economics of renewable fuels and to improve feedstock optimization and alleviate certain logistical constraints within our refining operations. CVR Energy retains the flexibility to return the unit to renewable diesel service should market conditions and incentives become favorable. At present, the unit no longer

processes renewable feedstocks, such as soybean oil, corn oil, and other similar feedstocks, into renewable diesel, and CVR Energy does not currently market renewable diesel.

Automotive

We conduct our Automotive segment through our wholly owned subsidiary, Icahn Automotive Group LLC (“Icahn Automotive”). The Automotive segment is engaged in providing a full range of automotive repair and maintenance services, along with the sale of any installed parts or materials related to automotive services (“Automotive Services”) to its customers, as well as sales of automotive aftermarket parts and retailed merchandise (“Aftermarket Parts”). We exited the Aftermarket Parts business in the first quarter of 2025. In addition to its primary businesses, the Automotive segment leases available and excess real estate in certain locations under long-term operating leases.

Food Packaging

We conduct our Food Packaging segment through our majority owned subsidiary, Viskase Holdings, Inc. (“Viskase”). Viskase is a producer of cellulosic, fibrous and plastic casings used to prepare and package processed meat products.

In January 2026, Viskase completed an equity private placement whereby we acquired an additional 25,862,069 shares of Viskase common stock for $15 million. In March 2026, Viskase completed its previously announced merger with Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and the combined company operates as “Viskase Holdings, Inc.” We own approximately 94% of the outstanding common stock of the combined company.

Real Estate

We conduct our Real Estate segment through various wholly owned subsidiaries. Our Real Estate segment primarily consists of investment properties which includes land, retail, office and industrial properties leased to corporate tenants, the development and sale of single-family homes, and the operations of a resort and a country club.

Home Fashion

We conduct our Home Fashion segment through our wholly owned subsidiary, WestPoint Home LLC (“WPH”). WPH’s business consists of manufacturing, sourcing, marketing, distributing and selling hospitality and home fashion consumer products.

Pharma

We conduct our Pharma segment through our wholly owned subsidiary, Vivus LLC, formerly Vivus, Inc. (“Vivus”). Vivus is a specialty pharmaceutical company with two approved therapies: one for chronic weight management and the other for the treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. In addition, Vivus has two product candidates in active clinical development and two product candidates in early-stage development.