<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:019c956f-7067-7164-84bd-a3ae6f5b810c,g:077a08cc-6c10-41ae-a702-24a65e25a422-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#all"/>
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#hypercube-dimension"/>
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#dimension-default"/>
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#dimension-domain"/>
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#domain-member"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.celanese.com/role/DocumentandEntityInformationDocument" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ce-20260505.xsd#DocumentandEntityInformationDocument"/>
  <link:definitionLink xlink:role="http://www.celanese.com/role/DocumentandEntityInformationDocument" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityInformationLineItems"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntitiesTable_019c956f-7067-7006-912c-7fe627c9ce21" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntitiesTable"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntitiesTable_019c956f-7067-7006-912c-7fe627c9ce21" xlink:type="arc" order="1" xbrldt:closed="true" xbrldt:contextElement="segment"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_019c956f-7067-7c48-83ac-9e7f6324319e" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntitiesTable_019c956f-7067-7006-912c-7fe627c9ce21" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_019c956f-7067-7c48-83ac-9e7f6324319e" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_019c956f-7067-7c48-83ac-9e7f6324319e_default" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_019c956f-7067-7c48-83ac-9e7f6324319e" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_019c956f-7067-7c48-83ac-9e7f6324319e_default" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_019c956f-7067-7f3a-bab5-836e7f6522c2" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_019c956f-7067-7c48-83ac-9e7f6324319e" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_019c956f-7067-7f3a-bab5-836e7f6522c2" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_019c956f-7067-7551-9e62-d48fe7f6b368" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockMember"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_019c956f-7067-7f3a-bab5-836e7f6522c2" xlink:to="loc_us-gaap_CommonStockMember_019c956f-7067-7551-9e62-d48fe7f6b368" xlink:type="arc" order="0"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ce_EURSeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2026Member_019c956f-7067-7de4-b974-4e25310ad646" xlink:href="ce-20260505.xsd#ce_EURSeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2026Member"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_019c956f-7067-7f3a-bab5-836e7f6522c2" xlink:to="loc_ce_EURSeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2026Member_019c956f-7067-7de4-b974-4e25310ad646" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ce_EURSeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2027Member_019c956f-7067-7791-8daf-e267e3ae6b0c" xlink:href="ce-20260505.xsd#ce_EURSeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2027Member"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_019c956f-7067-7f3a-bab5-836e7f6522c2" xlink:to="loc_ce_EURSeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2027Member_019c956f-7067-7791-8daf-e267e3ae6b0c" xlink:type="arc" order="2"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ce_EURSeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2028Member_019c956f-7067-760b-af31-6fa5bcea8d5a" xlink:href="ce-20260505.xsd#ce_EURSeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2028Member"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_019c956f-7067-7f3a-bab5-836e7f6522c2" xlink:to="loc_ce_EURSeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2028Member_019c956f-7067-760b-af31-6fa5bcea8d5a" xlink:type="arc" order="3"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ce_EURSeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2029Member_019c956f-7067-7dd0-b084-ba40a464e936" xlink:href="ce-20260505.xsd#ce_EURSeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2029Member"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_019c956f-7067-7f3a-bab5-836e7f6522c2" xlink:to="loc_ce_EURSeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2029Member_019c956f-7067-7dd0-b084-ba40a464e936" xlink:type="arc" order="4"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_ce_EURSeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2031Member_019c956f-7067-7152-a8c1-c6eb0109eb90" xlink:href="ce-20260505.xsd#ce_EURSeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2031Member"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_us-gaap_ClassOfStockDomain_019c956f-7067-7f3a-bab5-836e7f6522c2" xlink:to="loc_ce_EURSeniorUnsecuredNotesDue2031Member_019c956f-7067-7152-a8c1-c6eb0109eb90" xlink:type="arc" order="5"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityInformationFormerLegalOrRegisteredName_019c956f-7067-760f-b990-87d8f0d65f30" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityInformationFormerLegalOrRegisteredName"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityInformationFormerLegalOrRegisteredName_019c956f-7067-760f-b990-87d8f0d65f30" xlink:type="arc" order="0"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType_019c956f-7067-7369-84f2-db6fa8c4fc43" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentType_019c956f-7067-7369-84f2-db6fa8c4fc43" xlink:type="arc" order="1"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_019c956f-7067-746c-9e4b-659a11507dee" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_019c956f-7067-746c-9e4b-659a11507dee" xlink:type="arc" order="2"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_019c956f-7067-77ae-a679-44668110ac03" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_019c956f-7067-77ae-a679-44668110ac03" xlink:type="arc" order="3"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_019c956f-7067-7119-b229-7b49406b921b" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_019c956f-7067-7119-b229-7b49406b921b" xlink:type="arc" order="4"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_019c956f-7067-73ff-a7dc-acab5b7291f3" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_019c956f-7067-73ff-a7dc-acab5b7291f3" xlink:type="arc" order="5"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_019c956f-7067-7b21-8fc4-c10f62093485" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_019c956f-7067-7b21-8fc4-c10f62093485" xlink:type="arc" order="6"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_019c956f-7067-7fb6-97aa-a4d833270a41" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_019c956f-7067-7fb6-97aa-a4d833270a41" xlink:type="arc" order="7"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_019c956f-7067-7b59-82b2-5910ac5a2426" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_019c956f-7067-7b59-82b2-5910ac5a2426" xlink:type="arc" order="8"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_019c956f-7067-7761-9cad-4d3600c0fd18" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_019c956f-7067-7761-9cad-4d3600c0fd18" xlink:type="arc" order="9"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_019c956f-7067-737c-a6aa-ade2e4dfbf1a" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_019c956f-7067-737c-a6aa-ade2e4dfbf1a" xlink:type="arc" order="10"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_019c956f-7067-7905-9960-40ab9bdb2368" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_019c956f-7067-7905-9960-40ab9bdb2368" xlink:type="arc" order="11"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_019c956f-7067-7a40-97ba-46b45fae98b3" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_019c956f-7067-7a40-97ba-46b45fae98b3" xlink:type="arc" order="12"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_019c956f-7067-7563-b3e3-f31f9aa4cbe1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_019c956f-7067-7563-b3e3-f31f9aa4cbe1" xlink:type="arc" order="13"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial_019c956f-7067-7afb-82a5-4706fd287652" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial_019c956f-7067-7afb-82a5-4706fd287652" xlink:type="arc" order="14"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_019c956f-7067-758a-af97-598019e21c03" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_019c956f-7067-758a-af97-598019e21c03" xlink:type="arc" order="15"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_019c956f-7067-7bf8-b3a3-427c62ba0b2b" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_019c956f-7067-7bf8-b3a3-427c62ba0b2b" xlink:type="arc" order="16"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_Security12bTitle_019c956f-7067-7c3e-8c0c-4e53a18e2fd2" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_Security12bTitle_019c956f-7067-7c3e-8c0c-4e53a18e2fd2" xlink:type="arc" order="17"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_019c956f-7067-7c29-b838-0b3e9b92cee0" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_019c956f-7067-7c29-b838-0b3e9b92cee0" xlink:type="arc" order="18"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName_019c956f-7067-71d5-b600-80ab2a89895f" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName_019c956f-7067-71d5-b600-80ab2a89895f" xlink:type="arc" order="19"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_019c956f-7067-7f80-9738-c14ea974f2d5" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_019c956f-7067-7f80-9738-c14ea974f2d5" xlink:type="arc" order="20"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_019c956f-7067-7e65-9735-9bdcee877d04" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_019c956f-7067-7e65-9735-9bdcee877d04" xlink:type="arc" order="21"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_019c956f-7067-7460-be1f-8f662f3ee810" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityInformationLineItems_019c956f-7067-7bd2-8e9e-49c289042e92" xlink:to="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_019c956f-7067-7460-be1f-8f662f3ee810" xlink:type="arc" order="22"/>
  </link:definitionLink>
</link:linkbase>
