Smaller Company Investing Risk. Investing in smaller companies often involves greater risk than investing in larger companies. Smaller companies may not have the management experience, financial resources, product diversification and competitive strengths of larger companies. The securities of smaller companies, therefore, tend to be more volatile than the securities of larger, more established companies. Smaller company stocks tend to be bought and sold less often and in smaller amounts than larger company stocks. Because of this, if a fund wants to sell a large quantity of a small-sized company’s stock, it may have to sell at a lower price than would otherwise be indicated, or it may have to sell in smaller than desired quantities over an increased time period.

Stock Market Risk. The Fund is an equity fund, so it is subject to the risks inherent in the stock market in general. The stock market is cyclical, with prices generally rising and falling over periods of time. Some of these price cycles can be pronounced and last for a long time.

Value Investing Risk. Because different types of stocks tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market and economic conditions, “value” stocks may perform differently from the market as a whole and other types of stocks and can continue to be undervalued by the market for long periods of time. It is also possible that a value stock may never appreciate to the extent expected.

Management Risk. The Adviser’s judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of a particular asset class or individual security in which the Fund invests may prove to be incorrect. The Fund may experience losses regardless of the overall performance of the market.

Investing In Other Funds Risk. The Fund invests in the securities of other investment companies. To the extent that the Fund invests in other mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and other commingled funds, it will indirectly bear the expenses of those funds, which will cause the Fund’s return to be lower.

Stock Market Risk. The Fund is an equity fund, so it is subject to the risks inherent in the stock market in general. The stock market is cyclical, with prices generally rising and falling over periods of time. Some of these price cycles can be pronounced and last for a long time.

Exchange-Traded Fund Risk. An ETF may trade at a discount to its net asset value. Investors in the Fund will indirectly bear fees and expenses charged by the underlying ETFs in which the Fund invests, in addition to the Fund’s direct fees and expenses. The Fund will also incur brokerage costs when it purchases shares of ETFs. In addition, the Fund will be affected by losses of the underlying ETF and the level of risk arising from the investment practices of the underlying ETF.

General Risk. As with most other mutual funds, you can lose money by investing in this Fund. Share prices fluctuate from day-to-day, and when you sell your shares, they may be worth less than you paid for them.

Cybersecurity Risks. Despite the various protections utilized by the Fund and its service providers, systems, networks, or devices utilized by the Fund potentially can be breached. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of a cybersecurity breach.

Mid-Sized Company Investing Risk. Investing in mid-sized companies often involves greater risk than investing in larger companies. Mid-sized companies may not have the management experience, financial resources, product diversification and competitive strengths of larger companies. The securities of mid-sized companies, therefore, tend to be more volatile than the securities of larger, more established companies. Mid-sized company stocks tend to be bought and sold less often and in smaller amounts than larger company stocks. Because of this, if a fund wants to sell a large quantity of a mid-sized company’s stock, it may have to sell at a lower price than would otherwise be indicated, or it may have to sell in smaller than desired quantities over an increased time period.

Smaller Company Investing Risk. Investing in smaller companies often involves greater risk than investing in larger companies. Smaller companies may not have the management experience, financial resources, product diversification and competitive strengths of larger companies. The securities of smaller companies, therefore, tend to be more volatile than the securities of larger, more established companies. Smaller company stocks tend to be bought and sold less often and in smaller amounts than larger company stocks. Because of this, if a fund wants to sell a large quantity of a small-sized company’s stock, it may have to sell at a lower price than would otherwise be indicated, or it may have to sell in smaller than desired quantities over an increased time period.

Stock Market Risk. The Fund is an equity fund, so it is subject to the risks inherent in the stock market in general. The stock market is cyclical, with prices generally rising and falling over periods of time. Some of these price cycles can be pronounced and last for a long time.

General Risk. As with most other mutual funds, you can lose money by investing in this Fund. Share prices fluctuate from day-to-day, and when you sell your shares, they may be worth less than you paid for them.

Mid-Sized Company Investing Risk. Investing in mid-sized companies often involves greater risk than investing in larger companies. Mid-sized companies may not have the management experience, financial resources, product diversification and competitive strengths of larger companies. The securities of mid-sized companies, therefore, tend to be more volatile than the securities of larger, more established companies. Mid-sized company stocks tend to be bought and sold less often and in smaller amounts than larger company stocks. Because of this, if a fund wants to sell a large quantity of a mid-sized company’s stock, it may have to sell at a lower price than would otherwise be indicated, or it may have to sell in smaller than desired quantities over an increased time period.

Stock Market Risk. The Fund is an equity fund, so it is subject to the risks inherent in the stock market in general. The stock market is cyclical, with prices generally rising and falling over periods of time. Some of these price cycles can be pronounced and last for a long time.

Management Risk. The Adviser’s judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of a particular asset class or individual security in which the Fund invests may prove to be incorrect. The Fund may experience losses regardless of the overall performance of the market.

Investing In Other Funds Risk. The Fund invests in the securities of other investment companies. To the extent that the Fund invests in other mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and other commingled funds, it will indirectly bear the expenses of those funds, which will cause the Fund’s return to be lower.

Larger Company Investing Risk. Larger, more established companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges like changes in consumer tastes or innovative smaller competitors. Also, larger companies are sometimes unable to attain the high growth rates of successful, smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion.

Growth Risk. The Fund often invests in companies after assessing their growth potential. Securities of growth companies may be more volatile than other stocks. If a portfolio manager’s perception of a company’s growth potential is not realized, the securities purchased may not perform as expected, reducing the Fund’s return. In addition, because different types of stocks tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market and economic conditions, “growth” stocks may perform differently from the market as a whole and other types of securities.

Excluded Security Risk. Because the Fund does not invest in Excluded Securities and will divest itself of securities that are subsequently discovered to be ineligible, the Fund may be riskier than other funds that invest in a broader array of securities.

Exchange-Traded Fund Risk. An ETF may trade at a discount to its net asset value. Investors in the Fund will indirectly bear fees and expenses charged by the underlying ETFs in which the Fund invests, in addition to the Fund’s direct fees and expenses. The Fund will also incur brokerage costs when it purchases shares of ETFs. In addition, the Fund will be affected by losses of the underlying ETF and the level of risk arising from the investment practices of the underlying ETF.

General Risk. As with most other mutual funds, you can lose money by investing in this Fund. Share prices fluctuate from day-to-day, and when you sell your shares, they may be worth less than you paid for them.

Cybersecurity Risks. Despite the various protections utilized by the Fund and its service providers, systems, networks, or devices utilized by the Fund potentially can be breached. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of a cybersecurity breach.

Small Cap Company Risk. Smaller capitalization companies may experience higher failure rates than do larger capitalization companies. In addition, smaller companies may be more vulnerable to economic, market and industry changes. As a result, share price changes may be more sudden or erratic than the prices of other equity securities, especially over the short term. Such companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources and may lack management depth. The trading volume of securities of smaller capitalization companies is normally less than that of larger capitalization companies, and therefore may disproportionately affect their market price, tending to make them fall more in response to selling pressure than is the case with larger capitalization companies. Some small capitalization stocks may be illiquid. These risks may be enhanced for micro-cap securities. Many micro-cap companies tend to be new and have no proven track record. Some of these companies have no assets or operations, while others have products and services that are still in development or have yet to be tested in the market. Because micro-cap stocks trade in low volumes, any size of trade can have a large percentage impact on the price of the stock.

Municipal Securities Risk. The power or ability of an issuer to make principal and interest payments on municipal securities may be materially adversely affected by economic conditions, litigation or other factors. The Fund’s right to receive principal and interest payments may be subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, as well as laws, if any, which may be enacted by Congress or state legislatures extending the time for payment of principal and/or interest or imposing other constraints upon the enforcement of such obligations. In addition, substantial changes in federal income tax laws could cause municipal security prices to decline because the demand for municipal securities is strongly influenced by the value of tax exempt income to investors.

Management Risk. The Adviser’s judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of a particular asset class or individual security in which the Fund invests may prove to be incorrect. The Fund may experience losses regardless of the overall performance of the market.

Investing In Other Funds Risk. The Fund invests in the securities of other investment companies. To the extent that the Fund invests in other mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and other commingled funds, it will indirectly bear the expenses of those funds, which will cause the Fund’s return to be lower. Mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and comingled funds may invest in issues that are lower quality than investment grade.

Municipal Securities Risk. The power or ability of an issuer to make principal and interest payments on municipal securities may be materially adversely affected by economic conditions, litigation or other factors. The Fund’s right to receive principal and interest payments may be subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, as well as laws, if any, which may be enacted by Congress or state legislatures extending the time for payment of principal and/or interest or imposing other constraints upon the enforcement of such obligations. In addition, substantial changes in federal income tax laws could cause municipal security prices to decline because the demand for municipal securities is strongly influenced by the value of tax exempt income to investors.

Interest Rate Risk. When interest rates rise, bond prices fall; the higher the Fund’s duration (a calculation reflecting time risk, taking into account both the average maturity of the Fund’s portfolio and its average coupon return), the more sensitive the Fund is to interest rate risk. A change in the economic environment that causes interest rates to rise back to more historically “normal” levels could have a pronounced negative effect on the Fund.

Sector Risk. If certain industry sectors or types of securities don’t perform as well as the Fund expects, the Fund’s performance could suffer.

Excluded Security Risk. Because the Fund does not invest in Excluded Securities and will divest itself of securities that are subsequently discovered to be ineligible, the Fund may be riskier that other Funds that invest in a broader array of securities.

General Risk. As with most other mutual funds, you can lose money by investing in this Fund. Share prices fluctuate from day-to-day, and when you sell your shares, they may be worth less than you paid for them.

Cybersecurity Risks. Despite the various protections utilized by the Fund and its service providers, systems, networks, or devices utilized by the Fund potentially can be breached. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of a cybersecurity breach.

Credit Risk. High Yield securities are subject to greater risk of loss than investment grade securities. The degree of risk for a particular security may not be reflected in its credit rating, and high yield securities may be particularly subject to this risk. Bonds rated, at the time of purchase, BB or lower by Standard & Poor’s or, unrated, but determined to be of comparable quality by the Investment Manager, are subject to greater market risk and credit risk, or loss of principal and interest, than higher-rated securities.

High Yield Security Risk. Investments in fixed income securities that are rated below investment grade (“high yield securities”) by one or more Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSROs”) may be subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest than investments in higher-rated fixed income securities. High yield securities are also generally considered to be subject to greater market risk than higher-rated securities. The capacity of issuers of high yield securities to pay interest and repay principal is more likely to weaken than is that of issuers of higher-rated securities in times of deteriorating economic conditions or rising interest rates. In addition, high yield securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic conditions than higher-rated securities. The market for high yield securities may be less liquid than the market for higher-rated securities. This can adversely affect the Fund’s ability to buy or sell optimal quantities of high yield securities at desired prices.

Excluded Security Risk. Because the Fund does not invest in Excluded Securities and will divest itself of securities that are subsequently discovered to be ineligible, the Fund may be riskier than other funds that invest in a broader array of securities.

Foreign Risk. The Fund’s investments in foreign securities may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than funds with investments solely in securities of U.S. companies. This is because the securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a smaller number of industries. Foreign issuers are not subject to the same degree of regulation as U.S. issuers. Also, nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation or political changes could adversely affect the Fund’s investments in a foreign country. The Fund may invest in emerging markets. Emerging markets expose the Fund to additional risks due to the lack of historical or regulatory controls.

General Risk. As with most other mutual funds, you can lose money by investing in this Fund. Share prices fluctuate from day-to-day, and when you sell your shares, they may be worth less than you paid for them.

Cybersecurity Risks. Despite the various protections utilized by the Fund and its service providers, systems, networks, or devices utilized by the Fund potentially can be breached. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of a cybersecurity breach.

Growth Risk. The Fund often invests in companies after assessing their growth potential. Securities of growth companies may be more volatile than other stocks. If a portfolio manager’s perception of a company’s growth potential is not realized, the securities purchased may not perform as expected, reducing the Fund’s return. In addition, because different types of stocks tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market and economic conditions, “growth” stocks may perform differently from the market as a whole and other types of securities.

Currency Risk. Because the securities represented by ADRs are foreign stocks denominated in non-U.S. currency, there is a risk that fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies may negatively affect the value of the Fund’s investments in foreign securities.

Smaller Company Investing Risk. Investing in smaller companies often involves greater risk than investing in larger companies. Smaller companies may not have the management experience, financial resources, product diversification and competitive strengths of larger companies. The securities of smaller companies, therefore, tend to be more volatile than the securities of larger, more established companies. Smaller company stocks tend to be bought and sold less often and in smaller amounts than larger company stocks. Because of this, if a fund wants to sell a large quantity of a small-sized company’s stock, it may have to sell at a lower price than would otherwise be indicated, or it may have to sell in smaller than desired quantities over an increased time period.

Stock Market Risk. The Fund is an equity fund, so it is subject to the risks inherent in the stock market in general. The stock market is cyclical, with prices generally rising and falling over periods of time. Some of these price cycles can be pronounced and last for a long time.

Cybersecurity Risks. Despite the various protections utilized by the Fund and its service providers, systems, networks, or devices utilized by the Fund potentially can be breached. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of a cybersecurity breach.

Growth Risk. The Fund often invests in companies after assessing their growth potential. Securities of growth companies may be more volatile than other stocks. If a portfolio manager’s perception of a company’s growth potential is not realized, the securities purchased may not perform as expected, reducing the Fund’s return. In addition, because different types of stocks tend to shift in and out of favor depending on market and economic conditions, “growth” stocks may perform differently from the market as a whole and other types of securities.

Currency Risk. Because the securities represented by ADRs are foreign stocks denominated in non-U.S. currency, there is a risk that fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies may negatively affect the value of the Fund’s investments in foreign securities.

Management Risk. The Adviser’s judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of a particular asset class or individual security in which the Fund invests may prove to be incorrect. The Fund may experience losses regardless of the overall performance of the market.

Investing In Other Funds Risk. The Fund invests in the securities of other investment companies. To the extent that the Fund invests in other mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and other commingled funds, it will indirectly bear the expenses of those funds, which will cause the Fund’s return to be lower.

Interest Rate Risk. When interest rates rise, bond prices fall; the higher the Fund’s duration (a calculation reflecting time risk, taking into account both the average maturity of the Fund’s portfolio and its average coupon return), the more sensitive the Fund is to interest rate risk.

Sector Risk. If certain industry sectors or types of securities don’t perform as well as the Fund expects, the Fund’s performance could suffer.

Commodities-based Exchange-Traded Funds. Commodity ETFs invest in Physical Commodities and/or Commodity Futures Contracts which Contracts are highly leveraged investment vehicles, and therefore generally considered to be high risk. By investing in Commodity ETFs the Fund assumes portions of that risk. ETFs may only purchase commodities futures contracts (the buy side), therefore the Fund’s risk includes missing opportunities to realize gains by shorting futures contracts (the sell side) in deflationary economic periods. It is possible the Fund’s entire ETF investment could be lost.

Precious Metals Risk. The Fund’s gold and silver may be subject to loss, damage, theft, or restriction on access, and the Fund’s recovery may be limited, even in the event of fraud, to the market value of the metals at the time the fraud is discovered. International crises may motivate large-scale sales of precious metals which could decrease their prices and adversely affect the value of the Shares. The price of metals may also be adversely affected by the sale of gold or silver by ETFs or other exchange traded vehicles tracking the precious metals markets. In the event of the insolvency of the Custodian, a liquidator may seek to freeze access to the metals held in all of the accounts held by the Custodian, including the Fund’s Allocated Account. Although the Fund would retain legal title to the allocated gold and silver bars, the Fund could incur expenses in connection with obtaining control of the allocated gold or silver, and the assertion of a claim by such liquidator for unpaid fees could delay redemptions.

Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund may invest in a smaller number of securities, adverse changes to a single security will have a more pronounced negative effect on the Fund than if the Fund’s investments were more widely distributed.

Stock Market Risk. The Fund is an equity fund, so it is subject to the risks inherent in the stock market in general. The stock market is cyclical, with prices generally rising and falling over periods of time. Some of these price cycles can be pronounced and last for a long time.

Exchange-Traded Fund Risk. An ETF may trade at a discount to its net asset value. Investors indirectly bear fees and expenses charged by the underlying ETFs in addition to the Fund’s direct fees and expenses. There are also brokerage costs incurred when purchasing ETFs. In addition, losses of the underlying ETF and the level of risk arising from the investment practices of an underlying ETF may impact returns.

General Risk. As with most other mutual funds, you can lose money by investing in this Fund. Share prices fluctuate from day-to-day, and when you sell your shares, they may be worth less than you paid for them.

Cybersecurity Risks. Despite the various protections utilized by the Fund and its service providers, systems, networks, or devices utilized by the Fund potentially can be breached. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of a cybersecurity breach.

Mid-Sized Company Investing Risk. Investing in mid-sized companies often involves greater risk than investing in larger companies. Mid-sized companies may not have the management experience, financial resources, product diversification and competitive strengths of larger companies. The securities of mid-sized companies, therefore, tend to be more volatile than the securities of larger, more established companies. Mid-sized company stocks tend to be bought and sold less often and in smaller amounts than larger company stocks. Because of this, if a fund wants to sell a large quantity of a mid-sized company’s stock, it may have to sell at a lower price than would otherwise be indicated, or it may have to sell in smaller than desired quantities over an increased time period.

Fixed Income Risk. Fixed income securities will increase or decrease in value based on changes in interest rates. If rates increase, fixed income securities generally will decline, and those securities with longer terms generally will decline more. Your investment will decline in value if the value of fixed income securities decrease. There is a risk that issuers and counterparties will not make payments on fixed income securities and repurchase agreements. Such defaults could result in losses to the Fund.

Foreign Investment Risk. Foreign investing involves risks not typically associated with U.S. investments and may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than investments solely in securities of U.S. companies. These risks include, among others, adverse fluctuations in foreign currency values as well as adverse political, social and economic developments affecting a foreign country. In addition, foreign investing involves less publicly available information, and more volatile or less liquid securities markets. Investments in foreign countries could be affected by factors not present in the U.S., such as restrictions on receiving the investment proceeds from a foreign country, foreign tax laws, and potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations. Foreign accounting may be less transparent than U.S. accounting practices and foreign regulation may be inadequate or irregular. Underlying Funds owning foreign securities could cause the Fund’s performance to fluctuate more than if it held only U.S. securities.

Sovereign Debt Risk. The underlying Funds may invest in sovereign debt obligations. Investment in sovereign debt obligations involves special risks not present in corporate debt obligations. The issuer of the sovereign debt or the governmental authorities that control the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to repay principal or interest when due, and the Fund may have limited recourse in the event of a default. During periods of economic uncertainty, the market prices of sovereign debt, and the underlying Funds’ net asset values, may be more volatile than prices of U.S. debt obligations.

Credit Risk. If investment grade bonds are downgraded in credit rating or go into default, the result could be a loss of value, and the Fund could lose money. The degree of risk for a particular security may or may not be reflected in its credit rating. Bonds that are unrated, or rated BBB by Standard & Poor’s at the time of purchase, are subject to greater market risk and credit risk, or loss of principal and interest, than higher-rated securities. High yield securities are subject to greater risk of loss than investment grade securities. Unrated bonds or bonds rated BB or lower by Standard & Poor’s at the time of purchase, are subject to greater market risk and credit risk, or loss of principal and interest, than higher-rated securities.

High Yield Security Risk. Investments in fixed income securities that are rated below investment grade (“high yield securities”) by one or more Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSROs”) may be subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest than investments in higher-rated fixed income securities. High yield securities are also generally considered to be subject to greater market risk than higher-rated securities. The capacity of issuers of high yield securities to pay interest and repay principal is more likely to weaken than is that of issuers of higher-rated securities in times of deteriorating economic conditions or rising interest rates. In addition, high yield securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic conditions than higher-rated securities. The market for high yield securities may be less liquid than the market for higher-rated securities. This can adversely affect an underlying Fund’s ability to buy or sell optimal quantities of high yield securities at desired prices.

Currency Risk. Securities represented by ADRs are foreign stocks denominated in non-U.S. currency, and there is a risk that fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies may negatively affect the value of the investments in foreign securities. For securities that are foreign stocks denominated in non-U.S. currency, there is a risk that fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies may negatively affect the value of the investments in foreign securities.

Real Estate Investment Trust Risk. To the extent underlying Funds invest in real estate investment trusts, the Fund is subject to risks experienced in real estate ownership, real estate financing, or both. As the economy is subjected to a period of economic deflation or interest rate increases, the demand for real estate may fall, causing a decline in the value of real estate owned. Also, as interest rates increase, the values of existing mortgages fall. The higher the duration (a calculation reflecting time risk, taking into account the average maturity of the mortgages) of the mortgages held in REITs owned by underlying Funds, the more sensitive the Fund is to interest rate risks. The underlying Funds are also subject to credit risk; the Fund could lose money if mortgagors default on mortgages held in the REITs.

Precious Metals Risk. The Fund’s gold and silver may be subject to loss, damage, theft, or restriction on access, and the Fund’s recovery may be limited, even in the event of fraud, to the market value of the metals at the time the fraud is discovered. International crises may motivate large-scale sales of precious metals which could decrease their prices and adversely affect the value of the Shares. The price of metals may also be adversely affected by the sale of gold or silver by ETFs or other exchange traded vehicles tracking the precious metals markets. In the event of the insolvency of the Custodian, a liquidator may seek to freeze access to the metals held in all of the accounts held by the Custodian, including the Fund’s Allocated Account. Although the Fund would retain legal title to the allocated gold and silver bars, the Fund could incur expenses in connection with obtaining control of the allocated gold or silver, and the assertion of a claim by such liquidator for unpaid fees could delay redemptions.

Emerging Market Risk. Investments in the securities of emerging countries may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than investments solely in securities of U.S. companies and investments in a larger spectrum of the foreign market. This is because the securities markets in some emerging countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a smaller number of industries. Issuers in emerging countries are frequently not subject to the same degree of regulation as U.S. issuers. Also, nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation or political changes could adversely affect investments in emerging foreign countries.

Stock Market Risk. The Fund is an equity fund, so it is subject to the risks inherent in the stock market in general. The stock market is cyclical, with prices generally rising and falling over periods of time. Some of these price cycles can be pronounced and last for a long time.

Exchange-Traded Fund Risk. An ETF may trade at a discount to its net asset value. Investors indirectly bear fees and expenses charged by the underlying ETFs in addition to the Fund’s direct fees and expenses. There are also brokerage costs incurred when purchasing ETFs. In addition, losses of the underlying ETF and the level of risk arising from the investment practices of an underlying ETF may impact returns.

General Risk. As with most other mutual funds, you can lose money by investing in this Fund. Share prices fluctuate from day-to-day, and when you sell your shares, they may be worth less than you paid for them.

Cybersecurity Risks. Despite the various protections utilized by the Fund and its service providers, systems, networks, or devices utilized by the Fund potentially can be breached. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of a cybersecurity breach.

Mid-Sized Company Investing Risk. Investing in mid-sized companies often involves greater risk than investing in larger companies. Mid-sized companies may not have the management experience, financial resources, product diversification and competitive strengths of larger companies. The securities of mid-sized companies, therefore, tend to be more volatile than the securities of larger, more established companies. Mid-sized company stocks tend to be bought and sold less often and in smaller amounts than larger company stocks. Because of this, if a fund wants to sell a large quantity of a mid-sized company’s stock, it may have to sell at a lower price than would otherwise be indicated, or it may have to sell in smaller than desired quantities over an increased time period.

Fixed Income Risk. Fixed income securities will increase or decrease in value based on changes in interest rates. If rates increase, fixed income securities generally will decline, and those securities with longer terms generally will decline more. Your investment will decline in value if the value of fixed income securities decrease. There is a risk that issuers and counterparties will not make payments on fixed income securities and repurchase agreements. Such defaults could result in losses to the Fund.

Foreign Investment Risk. Foreign investing involves risks not typically associated with U.S. investments and may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than investments solely in securities of U.S. companies. These risks include, among others, adverse fluctuations in foreign currency values as well as adverse political, social and economic developments affecting a foreign country. In addition, foreign investing involves less publicly available information, and more volatile or less liquid securities markets. Investments in foreign countries could be affected by factors not present in the U.S., such as restrictions on receiving the investment proceeds from a foreign country, foreign tax laws, and potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations. Foreign accounting may be less transparent than U.S. accounting practices and foreign regulation may be inadequate or irregular. Underlying Funds owning foreign securities could cause the Fund’s performance to fluctuate more than if it held only U.S. securities.

Sovereign Debt Risk. The underlying Funds may invest in sovereign debt obligations. Investment in sovereign debt obligations involves special risks not present in corporate debt obligations. The issuer of the sovereign debt or the governmental authorities that control the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to repay principal or interest when due, and the Fund may have limited recourse in the event of a default. During periods of economic uncertainty, the market prices of sovereign debt, and the underlying Funds’ net asset values, may be more volatile than prices of U.S. debt obligations.

Credit Risk. If investment grade bonds are downgraded in credit rating or go into default, the result could be a loss of value, and the Fund could lose money. The degree of risk for a particular security may or may not be reflected in its credit rating. Bonds that are unrated, or rated BBB by Standard & Poor’s at the time of purchase, are subject to greater market risk and credit risk, or loss of principal and interest, than higher-rated securities. High yield securities are subject to greater risk of loss than investment grade securities. Unrated bonds or bonds rated BB or lower by Standard & Poor’s at the time of purchase, are subject to greater market risk and credit risk, or loss of principal and interest, than higher-rated securities.

High Yield Security Risk. Investments in fixed income securities that are rated below investment grade (“high yield securities”) by one or more Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSROs”) may be subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest than investments in higher-rated, fixed income securities. High yield securities are also generally considered to be subject to greater market risk than higher-rated securities. The capacity of issuers of high yield securities to pay interest and repay principal is more likely to weaken than is that of issuers of higher-rated securities in times of deteriorating economic conditions or rising interest rates. In addition, high yield securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic conditions than higher-rated securities. The market for high yield securities may be less liquid than the market for higher-rated securities. This can adversely affect an underlying Fund’s ability to buy or sell optimal quantities of high yield securities at desired prices.

Currency Risk. Securities represented by ADRs are foreign stocks denominated in non-U.S. currency, and there is a risk that fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies may negatively affect the value of the investments in foreign securities. For securities that are foreign stocks denominated in non-U.S. currency, there is a risk that fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies may negatively affect the value of the investments in foreign securities.

Real Estate Investment Trust Risk. To the extent underlying Funds invest in real estate investment trusts, the Fund is subject to risks experienced in real estate ownership, real estate financing, or both. As the economy is subjected to a period of economic deflation or interest rate increases, the demand for real estate may fall, causing a decline in the value of real estate owned. Also, as interest rates increase, the values of existing mortgages fall. The higher the duration (a calculation reflecting time risk, taking into account the average maturity of the mortgages) of the mortgages held in REITs owned by underlying Funds, the more sensitive the Fund is to interest rate risks. The underlying Funds are also subject to credit risk; the Fund could lose money if mortgagors default on mortgages held in the REITs.

Precious Metals Risk. The Fund’s gold and silver may be subject to loss, damage, theft, or restriction on access, and the Fund’s recovery may be limited, even in the event of fraud, to the market value of the metals at the time the fraud is discovered. International crises may motivate large-scale sales of precious metals which could decrease their prices and adversely affect the value of the Shares. The price of metals may also be adversely affected by the sale of gold or silver by ETFs or other exchange traded vehicles tracking the precious metals markets. In the event of the insolvency of the Custodian, a liquidator may seek to freeze access to the metals held in all of the accounts held by the Custodian, including the Fund’s Allocated Account. Although the Fund would retain legal title to the allocated gold and silver bars, the Fund could incur expenses in connection with obtaining control of the allocated gold or silver, and the assertion of a claim by such liquidator for unpaid fees could delay redemptions.

Emerging Market Risk. Investments in the securities of emerging countries may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than investments solely in securities of U.S. companies and investments in a larger spectrum of the foreign market. This is because the securities markets in some emerging countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a smaller number of industries. Issuers in emerging countries are frequently not subject to the same degree of regulation as U.S. issuers. Also, nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation or political changes could adversely affect investments in emerging foreign countries.