BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	9 Months Ended
Jan. 31, 2026
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation The results of operations reflected in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Immersion and our wholly-owned subsidiaries, as well as the accounts of Barnes & Noble Education, a consolidated variable interest entity, since June 10, 2024. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The noncontrolling interest on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations represents the portion of earnings or loss attributable to the interest in Barnes & Noble Education held by other owners. The noncontrolling interest on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets represents the portion of Barnes & Noble Education’s net assets attributable to the other owners, based on the portion of the interest owned by such owners. As of January 31, 2026, the noncontrolling interest was $266.6 million. At the end of each reporting period, equity related to Barnes & Noble Education that is attributable to Immersion and the other owners is rebalanced to reflect Immersion’s and the other owners’ ownership in Barnes & Noble Education. These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions for Form 10-Q and the applicable articles of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not include all information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows, in conformity with U.S. GAAP and should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025, as amended. In the opinion of management, all adjustments consisting of only normal and recurring items necessary for the fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the interim periods presented have been included. Due to their non-homogeneous operations, our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 31, 2026 and Consolidated Balance Sheet as of April 30, 2025 and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2026 and 2025, separately present the operating assets, liabilities, and operations of Immersion’s business from the operating assets, liabilities and operations of Barnes & Noble Education's business. All the assets of Barnes & Noble Education, reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, can be used only to settle obligations of Barnes & Noble Education. None of the liabilities of Barnes & Noble Education have recourse to the general credit of Immersion Corporation. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates In preparing these financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Earnings (Losses) Per Share We present both basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share (“EPS”) using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation formula that determines EPS for common stock and any participating securities according to dividends declared (whether paid or unpaid). Under the two-class method, basic EPS is computed by dividing the income available to Immersion stockholders by the weighted-average number of common stock shares outstanding for the period. Basic EPS includes participating securities, consisting of unvested restricted stock that receive nonforfeitable dividends similar to shares of common stock. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock, where such exercise or conversion would result in a lower earnings per share amount. Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets We have goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets that have been recorded in connection with the acquisition of Barnes & Noble Education. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment at least annually. We monitor these assets on a quarterly basis for potential indicators of impairment. Goodwill is required to be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is an operating segment, or one level below the operating segment. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company’s long-lived assets include property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, and amortizable intangibles recorded in connection with our business acquisition of Barnes & Noble Education. We review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. We evaluate the long-lived assets of the reporting units for impairment at the lowest asset group level for which individual cash flows can be identified. When evaluating long-lived assets for potential impairment, we first compare the carrying amount of the asset group to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows. The impairment loss calculation compares the carrying amount of the assets to the fair value based on estimated discounted future cash flows. If required, an impairment loss is recorded for that portion of the asset’s carrying value in excess of fair value. Seasonality Barnes & Noble Education’s business is highly seasonal, particularly with respect to textbook sales and rentals, with the major portion of sales and operating profit realized during the second and third fiscal quarters when college students generally purchase and rent textbooks for the upcoming semesters and lowest in the first and fourth fiscal quarters. Barnes & Noble Education’s quarterly results also may fluctuate depending on the timing of the start of the various schools’ semesters, as well as shifts in its fiscal calendar dates. As the concentration of digital product sales increases, revenue will be recognized earlier during the academic term as digital textbook revenue is recognized when the digital content is made available to the customer compared to: (i) the rental of physical textbooks where revenue is recognized over the rental period; and (ii) a la carte courseware sales where revenue is recognized when the customer takes physical possession of Barnes & Noble Education’s products, which occurs either at the point of sale for products purchased at physical locations or upon receipt of Barnes & Noble Education’s products by its customers for products ordered through Barnes & Noble Education’s websites and virtual bookstores. See Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue discussion below. These shifts in timing may affect the comparability of Barnes & Noble Education’s results across periods. Sales attributable to Barnes & Noble Education’s wholesale business are generally highest in Barnes & Noble Education’s first, second and third quarters, as it sells textbooks and other course materials for retail distribution. See Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue discussion below. Restricted Cash At January 31, 2026 and April 30, 2025, restricted cash was comprised of $5.9 million and $17.3 million, respectively, in Prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets related to segregated funds for commission due to Fanatics Lids College, Inc. D/B/A “Lids” (“Lids”) for logo merchandise sales as per the Lids service provider merchandising agreement, and for both respective dates, $2.4 million in Other assets - noncurrent in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets related to amounts held in trust for future distributions related to employee benefit plans. Merchandise Inventories Merchandise inventories, which consist of finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or market. Market value of Barnes & Noble Education's inventory, which is all purchased finished goods is determined based on its estimated net realizable value, which is generally the selling price less normally predictable costs of disposal and transportation. Reserves for non-returnable inventory represent write-downs that reduce the cost basis of the asset. These write-downs are based on Barnes & Noble Education’s history of liquidating non-returnable inventory, which includes certain assumptions, including markdowns and inventory aging. Cost is determined primarily by the retail inventory method for Barnes & Noble Education's retail business. Textbook and trade book inventories for retail and wholesale are valued using the LIFO method. The related LIFO reserve was $6.4 million to Barnes & Noble Education’s inventory balance as of January 31, 2026 and April 30, 2025, respectively. For Barnes & Noble Education’s physical bookstores, Barnes & Noble Education estimates and accrues inventory shortage for the period between the last physical count and the balance sheet date. Shortage rates are estimated and accrued based on historical rates and can be affected by changes in merchandise mix and changes in actual shortage trends. The physical bookstores fulfillment order is directed first to Barnes & Noble Education’s wholesale operations before other sources of inventory are utilized. The products that Barnes & Noble Education sells originate from a wide variety of domestic and international vendors. After internal sourcing, the bookstore purchases textbooks from outside suppliers and publishers. Textbook Rental Inventories Physical textbooks out on rent are categorized as textbook rental inventories. At the time a rental transaction is consummated, the book is removed from merchandise inventories and moved to textbook rental inventories at cost. The cost of the book is amortized down to its estimated residual value over the rental period with the amortization expense recognized in cost of goods sold. At the end of the rental period, upon return, the book is removed from textbook rental inventories and recorded in merchandise inventories at its amortized cost. Leases Barnes & Noble Education recognizes lease assets and lease liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for all operating lease arrangements based on the present value of future lease payments as required by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842, Leases. Barnes & Noble Education does not recognize lease assets or lease liabilities for short-term leases (i.e., those with a term of twelve months or less). Barnes & Noble Education recognizes lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term for contracts with fixed lease payments, including those with fixed annual minimums, or over a rolling twelve-month period for leases where the annual guarantee resets at the start of each contract year, in order to best reflect the pattern of usage of the underlying leased asset. Barnes & Noble Education recognizes lease expense related to college and university contracts, inclusive of the amortization of the unfavorable lease terms determined at June 10, 2024, as cost of sales in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Barnes & Noble Education recognizes lease expense related to its various office spaces as Selling and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. For leases entered into after June 10, 2024, Barnes & Noble Education uses its incremental borrowing rates to determine the present value of fixed lease payments based on the information available at the commencement date, as the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. Barnes & Noble Education utilizes an estimated collateralized incremental borrowing rate as of the effective date or the commencement date of the lease, whichever is later. See Note 8. Leases for additional information. Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue Product sales and rentals The majority of Barnes & Noble Education’s revenue is derived from the sale of products through its bookstore locations, including virtual bookstores, and its bookstore affiliated e-commerce websites, and contains a single performance obligation. Revenue from sales of products is recognized at the point in time when control of the products is transferred to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for the products. For additional information, see Note 6. Revenue Recognition for additional information. Product revenue is recognized when the customer takes physical possession of its products, which occurs either at the point of sale for products purchased at physical locations or upon receipt of products by its customers for products ordered through websites and virtual bookstores. Product sales from Barnes & Noble Education’s wholesale operations are recognized upon shipment of physical textbooks at which point title passes and risk of loss is transferred to the customer. Additional revenue is recognized for shipping charges billed to customers and shipping costs are accounted for as fulfillment costs within cost of sales. Revenue from the sale of digital textbooks, which contains a single performance obligation, is recognized upon delivery of the digital content as product sales in Barnes & Noble Education’s condensed consolidated financial statements. A software feature is embedded within the content of Barnes & Noble Education’s digital textbooks, such that upon expiration of the term the customer is no longer able to access the content. While the sale of the digital textbook allows the customer to access digital content for a fixed period of time, once the digital content is delivered to the customer, Barnes & Noble Education’s performance obligation is complete. Revenue from the rental of physical textbooks is deferred and recognized over the rental period based on the passage of time commencing at the point of sale, when control of the product transfers to the customer and is recognized as rental income in Barnes & Noble Education’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Rental periods are typically for a single semester and are always less than one year in duration. Barnes & Noble Education offers a buyout option to allow the purchase of a rented physical textbook at the end of the rental period if the customer desires to do so. Barnes & Noble Education records the buyout purchase when the customer exercises and pays the buyout option price which is determined at the time of the buyout. In these instances, Barnes & Noble Education accelerates any remaining deferred rental revenue at the point of sale. Revenue recognized for the BNC First Day offerings is consistent with Barnes & Noble Education’s policies outlined above for product, digital and rental sales, net of an anticipated opt-out or return provision. Given the growth of BNC First Day programs, the timing of cash collection from Barnes & Noble Education’s school partners may shift to periods subsequent to when the revenue is recognized. When a school adopts the BNC First Day affordable access course material offerings, cash collection from the school generally occurs after the institution's drop/add dates, which is later in the working capital cycle, particularly in Barnes & Noble Education's third quarter given the timing of the Spring Term and its quarterly reporting period, as compared to direct-to-student point-of-sale transactions where cash is generally collected during the point-of-sale transaction or within a few days from the credit card processor. Barnes & Noble Education estimates returns based on an analysis of historical experience. A provision for anticipated merchandise returns is provided through a reduction of sales and cost of sales in the period that the related sales are recorded. For sales and rentals involving third-party products, Barnes & Noble Education evaluates whether it is acting as a principal or an agent. This determination is based on Barnes & Noble Education’s evaluation of whether it controls the specified goods or services prior to transferring them to the customer. There are significant judgments involved in determining whether Barnes & Noble Education controls the specified goods or services prior to transferring them to the customer, including whether Barnes & Noble Education has the ability to direct the use of the good or service and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from the good or service. For those transactions where Barnes & Noble Education is the principal, it records revenue on a gross basis, and for those transactions where Barnes & Noble Education is an agent to a third party, it records revenue on a net basis. As the logo and emblematic general merchandise sales are fulfilled by Lids and Fanatics Retail Group Fulfillment, LLC (“Fanatics”, collectively, F/L Relationship), Barnes & Noble Education recognizes commission revenue earned for these sales on a net basis in its condensed consolidated financial statements. Barnes & Noble Education does not have gift cards or customer loyalty programs. Barnes & Noble Education does not treat any promotional offers as expenses. Sales tax collected from Barnes & Noble Education’s customers is excluded from reported revenues. Barnes & Noble Education’s payment terms are generally 30 days and do not extend beyond one year. Service and other revenue Service and other revenue is primarily derived from brand marketing services which include promotional activities and advertisements within Barnes & Noble Education’s physical bookstores and web properties performed on behalf of third-party customers, shipping and handling, and revenue from other programs. Brand marketing agreements often include multiple performance obligations which are individually negotiated with Barnes & Noble Education's customers. For these arrangements that contain distinct performance obligations, Barnes & Noble Education allocates the transaction price based on the relative standalone selling price method by comparing the standalone selling price (“SSP”) of each distinct performance obligation to the total value of the contract. The revenue is recognized as each performance obligation is satisfied, typically at a point in time for brand marketing service and over time for advertising efforts as measured based upon the passage of time for contracts that are based on a stated period of time or the number of impressions delivered for contracts with a fixed number of impressions. Cost of Sales Cost of sales primarily includes costs such as merchandise costs, textbook rental amortization, warehouse costs related to inventory management and order fulfillment, insurance, certain payroll costs, and management service agreement costs, including rent expense, related to Barnes & Noble Education’s college and university contracts and other facility related expenses. Selling and Administrative Expenses The Company’s Selling and administrative expenses primarily consisted of employee compensation and benefits including stock-based compensation, legal and other professional fees, external legal costs for patents, office expense, travel, and facilities costs. Barnes & Noble Education’s Selling and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee payroll and store operating expenses. Selling and administrative expenses also include long-term incentive plan compensation expense and general office expenses, such as merchandising, procurement, field support, finance, and accounting. Accounting Pronouncements Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Adopted In September 2025, Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued ASU No. 2025-07 (“ASU 2025-07”), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Derivatives Scope Refinements and Scope Clarification for Share-Based Noncash Consideration from a Customer in a Revenue Contract. The guidance refines the scope of Topic 815 to clarify which contracts are subject to derivative accounting. The guidance also provides clarification under Topic 606 related to share-based payments from a customer in a revenue contract. The amendments in ASU 2025-07 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2025-07 effective May 1, 2025, the first day of fiscal year 2026. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. See Note 11. Participation Interest Purchase Agreement for additional information. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Except for ASU 2025-07, there were no new accounting pronouncements, issued during the three months ended January 31, 2026 that are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The results of operations reflected in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Immersion and our wholly-owned subsidiaries, as well as the accounts of Barnes & Noble Education, a consolidated variable interest entity, since June 10, 2024. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The noncontrolling interest on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations represents the portion of earnings or loss attributable to the interest in Barnes & Noble Education held by other owners. The noncontrolling interest on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets represents the portion of Barnes & Noble Education’s net assets attributable to the other owners, based on the portion of the interest owned by such owners. As of January 31, 2026, the noncontrolling interest was $266.6 million. At the end of each reporting period, equity related to Barnes & Noble Education that is attributable to Immersion and the other owners is rebalanced to reflect Immersion’s and the other owners’ ownership in Barnes & Noble Education.

These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions for Form 10-Q and the applicable articles of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not include all information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows, in conformity with U.S. GAAP and should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025, as amended. In the opinion of management, all adjustments consisting of only normal and recurring items necessary for the fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the interim periods presented have been included.

Due to their non-homogeneous operations, our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 31, 2026 and Consolidated Balance Sheet as of April 30, 2025 and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2026 and 2025, separately present the operating assets, liabilities, and operations of Immersion’s business from the operating assets, liabilities and operations of Barnes & Noble Education's business. All the assets of Barnes & Noble Education, reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, can be used only to settle obligations of Barnes & Noble Education. None of the liabilities of Barnes & Noble Education have recourse to the general credit of Immersion Corporation.

We present both basic and diluted earnings (losses) per share (“EPS”) using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation formula that determines EPS for common stock and any participating securities according to dividends declared (whether paid or unpaid). Under the two-class method, basic EPS is computed by dividing the income available to Immersion stockholders by the weighted-average number of common stock shares outstanding for the period. Basic EPS includes participating securities, consisting of unvested restricted stock that receive nonforfeitable dividends similar to shares of common stock. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock, where such exercise or conversion would result in a lower earnings per share amount.

Seasonality

Barnes & Noble Education’s business is highly seasonal, particularly with respect to textbook sales and rentals, with the major portion of sales and operating profit realized during the second and third fiscal quarters when college students generally purchase and rent textbooks for the upcoming semesters and lowest in the first and fourth fiscal quarters. Barnes & Noble Education’s quarterly results also may fluctuate depending on the timing of the start of the various schools’ semesters, as well as shifts in its fiscal calendar dates.

As the concentration of digital product sales increases, revenue will be recognized earlier during the academic term as digital textbook revenue is recognized when the digital content is made available to the customer compared to: (i) the rental of physical textbooks where revenue is recognized over the rental period; and (ii) a la carte courseware sales where revenue is recognized when the customer takes physical possession of Barnes & Noble Education’s products, which occurs either at the point of sale for products purchased at physical locations or upon receipt of Barnes & Noble Education’s products by its customers for products ordered through Barnes & Noble Education’s websites and virtual bookstores. See Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue discussion below.

These shifts in timing may affect the comparability of Barnes & Noble Education’s results across periods. Sales attributable to Barnes & Noble Education’s wholesale business are generally highest in Barnes & Noble Education’s first, second and third quarters, as it sells textbooks and other course materials for retail distribution. See Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue discussion below.

Cost is determined primarily by the retail inventory method for Barnes & Noble Education's retail business. Textbook and trade book inventories for retail and wholesale are valued using the LIFO method. The related LIFO reserve was $6.4 million to Barnes & Noble Education’s inventory balance as of January 31, 2026 and April 30, 2025, respectively.

For Barnes & Noble Education’s physical bookstores, Barnes & Noble Education estimates and accrues inventory shortage for the period between the last physical count and the balance sheet date. Shortage rates are estimated and accrued based on historical rates and can be affected by changes in merchandise mix and changes in actual shortage trends.

The physical bookstores fulfillment order is directed first to Barnes & Noble Education’s wholesale operations before other sources of inventory are utilized. The products that Barnes & Noble Education sells originate from a wide variety of domestic and international vendors. After internal sourcing, the bookstore purchases textbooks from outside suppliers and publishers.

Leases

Barnes & Noble Education recognizes lease assets and lease liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for all operating lease arrangements based on the present value of future lease payments as required by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 842, Leases. Barnes & Noble Education does not recognize lease assets or lease liabilities for short-term leases (i.e., those with a term of twelve months or less). Barnes & Noble Education recognizes lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term for contracts with fixed lease payments, including those with fixed annual minimums, or over a rolling twelve-month period for leases where the annual guarantee resets at the start of each contract year, in order to best reflect the pattern of usage of the underlying leased asset. Barnes & Noble Education recognizes lease expense related to college and university contracts, inclusive of the amortization of the unfavorable lease terms determined at June 10, 2024, as cost of sales in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Barnes & Noble Education recognizes lease expense related to its various office spaces as Selling and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

For leases entered into after June 10, 2024, Barnes & Noble Education uses its incremental borrowing rates to determine the present value of fixed lease payments based on the information available at the commencement date, as the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. Barnes & Noble Education utilizes an estimated collateralized incremental borrowing rate as of the effective date or the commencement date of the lease, whichever is later. See Note 8. Leases for additional information.

Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue

Product sales and rentals

The majority of Barnes & Noble Education’s revenue is derived from the sale of products through its bookstore locations, including virtual bookstores, and its bookstore affiliated e-commerce websites, and contains a single performance obligation. Revenue from sales of products is recognized at the point in time when control of the products is transferred to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for the products. For additional information, see Note 6. Revenue Recognition for additional information.

Product revenue is recognized when the customer takes physical possession of its products, which occurs either at the point of sale for products purchased at physical locations or upon receipt of products by its customers for products ordered through websites and virtual bookstores. Product sales from Barnes & Noble Education’s wholesale operations are recognized upon shipment of physical textbooks at which point title passes and risk of loss is transferred to the customer. Additional revenue is recognized for shipping charges billed to customers and shipping costs are accounted for as fulfillment costs within cost of sales.

Revenue from the sale of digital textbooks, which contains a single performance obligation, is recognized upon delivery of the digital content as product sales in Barnes & Noble Education’s condensed consolidated financial statements. A software feature is embedded within the content of Barnes & Noble Education’s digital textbooks, such that upon expiration of the term the customer is no longer able to access the content. While the sale of the digital textbook allows the customer to access digital content for a fixed period of time, once the digital content is delivered to the customer, Barnes & Noble Education’s performance obligation is complete.

Revenue from the rental of physical textbooks is deferred and recognized over the rental period based on the passage of time commencing at the point of sale, when control of the product transfers to the customer and is recognized as rental income in Barnes & Noble Education’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Rental periods are typically for a single semester and are always less than one year in duration. Barnes & Noble Education offers a buyout option to allow the purchase of a rented physical textbook at the end of the rental period if the customer desires to do so. Barnes & Noble Education records the buyout purchase when the customer exercises and pays the buyout option price which is determined at the time of the buyout. In these instances, Barnes & Noble Education accelerates any remaining deferred rental revenue at the point of sale.

Revenue recognized for the BNC First Day offerings is consistent with Barnes & Noble Education’s policies outlined above for product, digital and rental sales, net of an anticipated opt-out or return provision. Given the growth of BNC First Day programs, the timing of cash collection from Barnes & Noble Education’s school partners may shift to periods subsequent to when the revenue is recognized. When a school adopts the BNC First Day affordable access course material offerings, cash collection from the school generally occurs after the institution's drop/add dates, which is later in the working capital cycle, particularly in Barnes & Noble Education's third quarter given the timing of the Spring Term and its quarterly reporting period, as compared to direct-to-student point-of-sale transactions where cash is generally collected during the point-of-sale transaction or within a few days from the credit card processor.

Barnes & Noble Education estimates returns based on an analysis of historical experience. A provision for anticipated merchandise returns is provided through a reduction of sales and cost of sales in the period that the related sales are recorded.

For sales and rentals involving third-party products, Barnes & Noble Education evaluates whether it is acting as a principal or an agent. This determination is based on Barnes & Noble Education’s evaluation of whether it controls the specified goods or services prior to transferring them to the customer. There are significant judgments involved in determining whether Barnes & Noble Education controls the specified goods or services prior to transferring them to the customer, including whether Barnes & Noble Education has the ability to direct the use of the good or service and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from the good or service. For those transactions where Barnes & Noble Education is the principal, it records revenue on a gross basis, and for those transactions where Barnes & Noble Education is an agent to a third party, it records revenue on a net basis.

As the logo and emblematic general merchandise sales are fulfilled by Lids and Fanatics Retail Group Fulfillment, LLC (“Fanatics”, collectively, F/L Relationship), Barnes & Noble Education recognizes commission revenue earned for these sales on a net basis in its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Barnes & Noble Education does not have gift cards or customer loyalty programs. Barnes & Noble Education does not treat any promotional offers as expenses. Sales tax collected from Barnes & Noble Education’s customers is excluded from reported revenues. Barnes & Noble Education’s payment terms are generally 30 days and do not extend beyond one year.

Service and other revenue

Service and other revenue is primarily derived from brand marketing services which include promotional activities and advertisements within Barnes & Noble Education’s physical bookstores and web properties performed on behalf of third-party customers, shipping and handling, and revenue from other programs.

Brand marketing agreements often include multiple performance obligations which are individually negotiated with Barnes & Noble Education's customers. For these arrangements that contain distinct performance obligations, Barnes & Noble Education allocates the transaction price based on the relative standalone selling price method by comparing the standalone selling price (“SSP”) of each distinct performance obligation to the total value of the contract. The revenue is recognized as each performance obligation is satisfied, typically at a point in time for brand marketing service and over time for advertising efforts as measured based upon the passage of time for contracts that are based on a stated period of time or the number of impressions delivered for contracts with a fixed number of impressions.

Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In September 2025, Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued ASU No. 2025-07 (“ASU 2025-07”), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Derivatives Scope Refinements and Scope Clarification for Share-Based Noncash Consideration from a Customer in a Revenue Contract. The guidance refines the scope of Topic 815 to clarify which contracts are subject to derivative accounting. The guidance also provides clarification under Topic 606 related to share-based payments from a customer in a revenue contract. The amendments in ASU 2025-07 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2025-07 effective May 1, 2025, the first day of fiscal year 2026. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. See Note 11. Participation Interest Purchase Agreement for additional information.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Except for ASU 2025-07, there were no new accounting pronouncements, issued during the three months ended January 31, 2026 that are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.