v3.26.1
Financial Risk Management and Fair Values of Financial Instruments (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Financial Risk Management and Fair Values of Financial Instruments [Abstract]  
Schedule of Financial instruments by Category Financial instruments by category
   December 31,
2024		   December 31,
2025		 
         
Financial assets        
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income        
Designation of equity instruments  $148,925   $81,646 
Financial assets at amortized cost          
Cash and cash equivalents   3,646,756    1,930,411 
Financial assets at amortized cost   591,457    1,112,985 
Notes receivable   
-
    19,456 
Accounts receivable   8,241,352    7,080,747 
Other receivables (including related parties)   172,695    1,824,691 
Refundable deposits   995,358    1,052,817 
   $13,796,543   $13,102,753 
Financial liabilities          
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss          
Financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss  $9,300,087   $5,439,544 
Financial liabilities at amortized cost          
Short-term borrowings   1,075,904    3,521,361 
Financial liabilities at amortized cost   1,829,826    1,909,004 
Notes payable   127,063    
-
 
Accounts payable (including related parties)   4,898,806    5,521,443 
Other payables (including related parties)   9,880,354    8,860,072 
Long-term borrowings (including current portion)   9,031,195    7,669,389 
Guarantee deposits   250,869    8,400 
   $36,394,104   $32,929,213 
Lease liabilities (including current portion)  $5,003,553   $3,822,485 
Schedule of Foreign Currencies Materially Affected by Exchange Rate The information on assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies whose values would be materially affected by the exchange rate fluctuations is as follows:
   December 31, 2024 
   Foreign
currency		   Exchange
rate		   Carrying amount
(USD)		 
(Foreign currency: functional currency)            
Financial assets            
Monetary items            
USD:NTD  $233,681    32.79   $233,681 
JPY:NTD   200,039    0.2099    1,281 
HKD:NTD   347    4.222    45 
Financial liabilities               
Monetary items               
USD:NTD  $55,722    32.79   $55,722 
USD:JPY   546,898    156.22    546,898 

 

   December 31, 2025 
   Foreign
currency		   Exchange
rate		   Carrying amount
(USD)		 
(Foreign currency: functional currency)            
Financial assets            
Monetary items            
USD:NTD  $58,208    31.43   $58,208 
JPY:NTD   514,963    0.2008    3,344 
HKD:NTD   347    4.038    45 
Financial liabilities               
Monetary items               
USD:NTD  $48,718    31.43   $48,718 
USD:JPY   947,650    156.52    947,650 
Schedule of Sensitivity Analysis Analysis of foreign currency market risk arising from significant foreign exchange variations:
   Year ended December 31, 2023 
   Sensitivity analysis 
   Change in
exchange rate		   Effect on profit
(loss)		   Effect on other
comprehensive
income		 
Financial assets            
Monetary items               
USD:NTD   1%  $1,553   $
     -
 
JPY:NTD   1%   235    
-
 
HKD:NTD   1%   
-
    
-
 
Financial liabilities               
Monetary items               
USD:NTD   1%  $1,127   $
-
 
USD:JPY   1%   5,539    
-
 

 

   Year ended December 31, 2024 
   Sensitivity analysis 
   Change in
exchange rate		   Effect on profit
(loss)		   Effect on other
comprehensive
income		 
Financial assets            
Monetary items            
USD:NTD   1%  $2,337   $
        -
 
JPY:NTD   1%   13    
-
 
HKD:NTD   1%   
-
    
-
 
Financial liabilities               
Monetary items               
USD:NTD   1%  $557   $
-
 
USD:JPY   1%   5,469    
-
 

 

   Year ended December 31, 2025 
   Sensitivity analysis 
   Change in
exchange rate		   Effect on profit
(loss)		   Effect on other
comprehensive
income		 
Financial assets            
Monetary items            
USD:NTD   1%  $582   $
        -
 
JPY:NTD   1%   33    
-
 
HKD:NTD   1%   
-
    
-
 
Financial liabilities               
Monetary items               
USD:NTD   1%  $487   $
-
 
USD:JPY   1%   9,477    
-
 
Schedule of Contract Assets and Accounts Receivable As of December 31, 2024 and 2025 the loss rate methodologies are as follows:
   December 31, 2024 
   Contract
assets		   Accounts
receivable		 
         
Expected loss rate   
-
    3.0%
Total carrying amount  $3,980,380   $8,241,352 
Loss allowance   
-
    247,536 
   December 31, 2025 
   Contract
assets		   Accounts
receivable		 
         
Expected loss rate   
-
    1.8%
Total carrying amount  $4,255,965   $7,080,747 
Loss allowance   
-
    126,165 
           
Under the simplified approach, movements in relation to loss allowance for contract assets and accounts receivable are as follows:
   2023 
   Contract
assets		   Accounts
receivable		 
         
January 1  $
   -
   $107,186 
Acquisition through business combination   
-
    4,212 
Reversal for impairment loss   
-
    (44,725)
Exchange difference   
-
    (735)
December 31  $
-
   $65,938 

 

   2024 
   Contract
assets		   Accounts
receivable		 
         
January 1  $
   -
   $65,938 
Provision for impairment loss   
-
    192,134 
Write off   
-
    (2,579)
Exchange difference   
-
    (7,957)
December 31  $
-
   $247,536 

 

   2025 
   Contract
assets		   Accounts
receivable		 
         
January 1  $
   -
   $247,536 
Provision for impairment loss   
-
    56,751 
Write off   
-
    (188,362)
Exchange difference   
-
    10,240 
December 31  $
-
   $126,165 
Schedule of Non-Derivative Financial Liabilities
   December 31, 2024 
   Within 1 year   1 to 3 years   3 to 5 years   Over 5 years   Total 
                     
Non-derivative financial liabilities                    
Short-term borrowings  $1,075,904   $
-
   $
-
   $
-
   $1,075,904 
Long-term borrowings   4,400,252    3,238,512    440,561    1,607,055    9,686,380 
Lease liabilities   955,124    1,250,681    1,242,693    1,812,926    5,261,424 
Guarantee deposits   250,869    
-
    
-
    
-
    250,869 
Financial liabilities at amortized cost   27,438    1,017,978    866,718    
-
    1,912,134 
   $6,709,587   $5,507,171   $2,549,972   $3,419,981   $18,186,711 

 

   December 31, 2025 
   Within 1 year   1 to 3 years   3 to 5 years   Over 5 years   Total 
                     
Non-derivative financial liabilities                    
Short-term borrowings  $3,521,361   $
-
   $
-
   $
-
   $3,521,361 
Long-term borrowings   4,351,474    1,859,282    496,758    1,587,081    8,294,595 
Lease liabilities   

625,976

    1,188,849    1,186,249    1,122,799    4,123,873 
Guarantee deposits   
-
    
-
    8,400    
-
    8,400 
Financial liabilities at amortized cost   534,832    1,046,762    384,654    
-
    1,966,248 
   $9,033,643   $4,094,893   $2,076,061   $2,709,880   $17,914,477 
Schedule of Related Information of Natures of Assets and Liabilities The related information of natures of the assets and liabilities are as follows:
   December 31, 2024 
   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total 
                 
Assets:                
Recurring fair value measurements                
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income                
- Unlisted common stocks  $
-
   $6,401   $108,774   $115,175 
- Unlisted preferred stocks   
-
    
-
    33,750    33,750 
   $
-
   $6,401   $142,524   $148,925 
Liabilities:                    
Recurring fair value measurements                    
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss                    
- Warrants  $(824,797)  $
-
   $
-
   $(824,797)
- Contingent considerations   
-
    (1,374,290)   
-
    (1,374,290)
- Convertible promissory note   
-
    
-
    (7,101,000)   (7,101,000)
   $(824,797)  $(1,374,290)  $(7,101,000)  $(9,300,087)

 

   December 31, 2025 
   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total 
                 
Assets:                
Recurring fair value measurements                
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income                
- Unlisted common stocks  $
-
   $6,389   $61,742   $68,131 
- Unlisted preferred stocks   
-
    
-
    13,515    13,515 
   $
-
   $6,389   $75,257   $81,646 
Liabilities:                    
Recurring fair value measurements                    
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss                    
- Warrants  $(156,544)  $
-
   $(150,000)  $(306,544)
- Convertible promissory note   
-
    
-
    (5,133,000)   (5,133,000)
   $(156,544)  $
-
   $(5,283,000)  $(5,439,544)
Schedule of Table Shows Movements of Level 3 for years The following table shows the movements of Level 3 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025:
   2024 
   Debt
instruments		   Hybrid
instruments		   Equity
instruments		   Derivative instrument   Total 
                     
January 1  $(60,664)  $
-
   $109,630   $40,071   $89,037 
Gains or losses recognized in profit or loss                         
Recorded as non-operating expenses   57,983    (288,898)   
-
    
-
    (230,915)
Issued convertible promissory notes   
-
    (6,812,102)   
-
    
-
    (6,812,102)
Converted into ordinary stock   
-
    
-
    40,071    (40,071)   
-
 
Valuation adjustment   
-
    
-
    10,340    
 
    10,340 
Effect of exchange rate changes   2,681    
-
    (17,517)   
-
    (14,836)
December 31  $
-
   $(7,101,000)  $142,524   $
-
   $(6,958,476)

 

   2025 
   Debt
instruments		   Hybrid
instruments		   Equity
instruments		   Derivative instrument   Total 
                     
January 1  $
           -
   $(7,101,000)  $142,524   $
     -
   $(6,958,476)
Losses recognized in profit or loss                         
Recorded as non-operating expenses   
-
    (1,312,555)   
-
    
-
    (1,312,555)
Issued convertible promissory notes   
-
    (1,875,000)   
-
    
-
    (1,875,000)
Converted into ordinary stock   
-
    3,470,082    
-
    
-
    3,470,082 
Settled in the period   
-
    1,535,473    
-
    
-
    1,535,473 
Impairment loss   
-
    
-
    (125)   
-
    (125)
Valuation adjustment   
-
    
-
    (70,023)   
-
    (70,023)
Effect of exchange rate changes   
-
    
-
    2,881    
-
    2,881 
December 31  $
-
   $(5,283,000)  $75,257   $
-
   $(5,207,743)
Schedule of Sensitivity Analysis of Changes in Significant Unobservable Fair Value Measurement The following is the qualitative information and sensitivity analysis of changes in significant unobservable inputs under valuation model used in Level 3 fair value measurement:
   Fair value
as of
December 31,
2024		   Valuation
technique		  Significant
unobservable
input		  Range  Relationship of inputs
to fair value
                 
Non-derivative equity instrument:                 
Unlisted common stocks   108,774   Market method
  Volatility  39%  The higher the volatility, the lower the fair value
           Discount for lack of marketability  32%-39%  The higher the discount rate for lack of marketability, the lower the fair value
Unlisted Preferred stocks   3,845   Cost method, Income method  Volatility  35%  The higher the volatility, the lower the fair value
           Discount for lack of marketability  26%  The higher the discount rate for lack of marketability, the lower the fair value
    29,905   Market method,
Income method		  Volatility  35%  The higher the volatility, the lower the fair value
           Discount for lack of marketability  12%-24%  The higher the discount rate for lack of marketability, the lower the fair value
Hybrid instrument:                 
Senior Secured Convertible Note   4,271,000   Convertible bond evaluation model  Discount rate  Conversion and redemption rights:
2.3%~6.3%
Ordinary bonds:
9.0%~14.0%		  The higher the discount rate, the lower the fair value
Promissory Note   2,830,000   Non-tradable shares valuation model  Volatility  60%  The higher the volatility, the lower the fair value
   Fair value
as of
December 31, 2025		   Valuation
technique		  Significant
unobservable
input		  Range  Relationship of inputs
to fair value
                 
Non-derivative equity
instrument:		                 
Unlisted common stocks   61,742   Market method
  Volatility  39%  The higher the volatility, the lower the fair value
           Discount for lack of marketability  32%-39%  The higher the discount rate for lack of marketability, the lower the fair value
Unlisted Preferred stocks   328   Cost method, Income method  Volatility  35%  The higher the volatility, the lower the fair value
           Discount for lack of marketability  26%  The higher the discount rate for lack of marketability, the lower the fair value
    13,187   Market method,
Income method		  Volatility  35%  The higher the volatility, the lower the fair value
           Discount for lack of marketability  12%-24%  The higher the discount rate for lack of marketability, the lower the fair value
Hybrid instrument:                 
Senior Secured Convertible Note   1,658,000   Convertible bond evaluation model  Discount rate  Conversion and redemption rights:
1.5%~5.5%
Ordinary bonds:
15.4%~19.5%		  The higher the discount rate, the lower the fair value
Promissory Note   475,000   Convertible bond evaluation model  Discount rate  1.56%-6.23%  The higher the discount rate, the lower the fair value
Promissory Note   3,000,000   Non-tradable shares valuation model  Volatility  35.7%-43.3%  The higher the volatility, the lower the fair value
Warrants   150,000   Black-Scholes & Binomial model  Discount rate  1.7%~5.7%  The higher the discount rate, the lower the fair value
Schedule of Profit or Loss or of Other Comprehensive Income from Financial Assets and Liabilities The following is the effect of profit or loss or of other comprehensive income from financial assets and liabilities categorized within Level 3 if the inputs used to valuation models have changed:
          December 31, 2024 
          Recognized in
profit or loss		   Recognized in other
comprehensive income		 
   Input  Change   Favorable
change		   Unfavorable
change		   Favorable
change		   Unfavorable
change		 
Financial assets:                       
Unlisted common stocks  Volatility   ±1%   $
-
   $
-
   $31   $28 
   Discount for lack of marketability   ±1%    
-
    
-
    782    782 
Unlisted Preferred stocks  Volatility   ±1%    
-
    
-
    112    115 
   Discount for lack of marketability   ±1%    
-
    
-
    403    403 
Stock acquisition right  Weighted average cost of capital   ±1%    
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
 
           $
-
   $
-
   $1,328   $1,328 
Financial liabilities:                            
Convertible promissory note  Discount rate   ±1%   $25   $13   $
-
   $
-
 
           $25   $13   $
-
   $
-
 

 

          December 31, 2025 
          Recognized in
profit or loss		   Recognized in other
comprehensive income		 
   Input  Change   Favorable
change		   Unfavorable
change		   Favorable
change		   Unfavorable
change		 
Financial assets:                       
Unlisted common stocks  Volatility   ±1%  $
     -
   $
        -
   $1   $1 
   Discount for lack of marketability   ±1%   
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
 
Unlisted Preferred stocks  Volatility   ±1%   
-
    
-
    82    82 
   Discount for lack of marketability   ±1%   
-
    
-
    181    181 
Stock acquisition right  Weighted average cost of capital   ±1%   
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
 
           $
-
   $
-
   $264   $264 
Financial liabilities:                            
Convertible promissory note  Discount rate   ±1%  $17   $5   $
-
   $
-
 
           $17   $5   $
-
   $
-