v3.26.1
Income Tax Benefit (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Income Tax Benefit [Abstract]  
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense

Components of income tax expense:

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2023   2024   2025 
             
Current income tax:            
Current income tax on profits for the period  $4,457   $40,184   $90,066 
Income tax on unappropriated retained earnings   
-
    9,283    14,030 
Prior year income tax underestimation   
-
    276,516    
-
 
Total current income tax   4,457    325,983    104,096 
Deferred income tax:               
Relating to origination and reversal of temporary differences   (595,539)   (633,229)   (5,142,960)
Income tax benefit  $(591,082)  $(307,246)  $(5,038,864)
Schedule of Income Tax Charge Relating to Components of Other Comprehensive Income The income tax charge relating to components of other comprehensive income is as follows:
   Year ended December 31, 
   2023   2024   2025 
Changes in fair value of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income  $
       -
   $2,814   $(5,229)
Schedule of Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense Reconciliation of income tax expense and the accounting profit:
   Year ended December 31, 
   2023   2024   2025 
             
Income tax benefit expense calculated at weighted-average statutory tax rate  $(1,108,602)  $(2,318,673)  $(6,180,996)
Expenses disallowed by tax regulation   78,538    1,373,430    120,467 
Tax exempt income by tax regulation   (8,826)   (97,804)   
-
 
Taxable loss not recognized as deferred tax assets   447,808    490,820    1,002,448 
Change in assessment of realization of deferred tax assets   
-
    (40,818)   5,187 
Prior year income tax (over) underestimation   
-
    276,516    
-
 
Tax on undistributed earnings   
-
    9,283    14,030 
Income tax benefit  $(591,082)  $(307,246)  $(5,038,864)
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets or Liabilities The amounts of deferred tax assets or liabilities resulting from temporary differences and investment tax credits are as follows:
   2023 
   January 1   Recognized in profit or loss   Business combination   Exchange differences   December 31 
                     
Deferred tax assets                    
Allowance for doubtful debts  $17,324   $(162)  $979   $(13)  $18,128 
Unrealized exchange losses   32,303    (30,475)   
-
    (468)   1,360 
Other long-term employee benefits   
-
    17,679    109,512    (1,683)   125,508 
Accrued paid absences   10,658    12,947    106,839    (1,462)   128,982 
Share based payment   
-
    50,506    
-
    773    51,279 
Loss carried forward   
-
    122,398    163,087    (3,103)   282,382 
Deferred gain of government subsidy   
-
    (1,100)   8,529    (115)   7,314 
Lease liabilities   
-
    19,012    3,479    (168)   22,323 
Unrealized gain in intercompany transactions by consolidation   
-
    (1,110)   11,033    (151)   9,772 
Total  $60,285   $189,695   $403,458   $(6,390)  $647,048 
                          
Deferred tax liabilities                         
Intangible assets  $(841,396)  $403,015   $(10,464,889)  $3,481   $(10,899,789)
Unrealized exchange gain   (11,108)   9,981    
-
    154    (973)
Property, plant and equipment   
-
    3,227    (19,354)   258    (15,869)
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income   
-
    
-
    (14,299)   205    (14,094)
Other non-current assets   
-
    (38)   (1,832)   27    (1,843)
Right-of-use assets   
-
    (10,341)   
-
    65    (10,276)
Total  $(852,504)  $405,844   $(10,500,374)  $4,190   $(10,942,844)
Information presented on statements of financial position:                        
Deferred tax assets  $60,285                  $647,048 
Deferred tax liabilities  $(852,504)                 $(10,942,844)
   2024 
   January 1   Recognized in
profit or loss		   Business combination   Effect on other comprehensive income   Exchange Differences   December 31 
                         
Deferred tax assets                        
Allowance for doubtful debts  $18,128   $44,933   $
-
   $
-
   $(2,216)  $60,845 
Unrealized exchange losses   1,360    16,826    
-
    
-
    (425)   17,761 
Other long-term employee benefits   125,508    (76,351)   
-
    
-
    (9,564)   39,593 
Accrued paid absences   128,982    15,932    
-
    
-
    (12,046)   132,868 
Share based payment   51,279    44,285    
-
    
-
    (4,144)   91,420 
Loss carried forward   282,382    (230,006)   
-
    
-
    (19,724)   32,652 
Deferred gain of government subsidy   7,314    (1,745)   
-
    
-
    (640)   4,929 
Lease liabilities   22,323    1,552    
-
    
-
    (2,166)   21,709 
Unrealized gain in intercompany transactions by consolidation   9,772    (1,472)   
-
    
-
    (882)   7,418 
Provision   
-
    113,864    
-
    
-
    (3,506)   110,358 
Other   
-
    38,024    
-
    
-
    (765)   37,259 
Total  $647,048   $(34,158)  $
-
   $
-
   $(56,078)  $556,812 
                               
Deferred tax liabilities                              
Intangible assets  $(10,899,789)  $665,916   $(101,812)  $
-
   $30,809   $(10,304,876)
Unrealized exchange gain   (973)   (10,329)   
-
    
-
    269    (11,033)
Property, plant and equipment   (15,869)   483    
-
    
-
    1,491    (13,895)
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income   (14,094)   
-
    
-
    (2,814)   1,425    (15,483)
Other non-current assets   (1,843)   1,721    
-
    
-
    122    
-
 
Right-of-use assets   (10,276)   9,596    
-
    
-
    680    
-
 
Total  $(10,942,844)  $667,387   $(101,812)  $(2,814)  $34,796   $(10,345,287)
Information presented on statements of financial position:                              
Deferred tax assets  $647,048                       $556,812 
Deferred tax liabilities  $(10,942,844)                      $(10,345,287)
   2025 
   January 1   Recognized in profit or loss   Effect on other comprehensive income   Exchange Differences   December 31 
                     
Deferred tax assets                    
Allowance for doubtful debts  $60,845   $(35,917)  $
                 -
   $2,347   $27,275 
Unrealized exchange losses   17,761    1,959    
-
    751    20,471 
Other long-term employee benefits   39,593    (5,262)   
-
    162    34,493 
Accrued paid absences   132,868    (656)   
-
    1,001    133,213 
Share based payment   91,420    (5,390)   
-
    4,004    90,034 
Loss carried forward   32,652    22,427    
-
    (1,075)   54,004 
Deferred gain of government subsidy   4,929    (1,685)   
-
    66    3,310 
Lease liabilities   21,709    7,122    
-
    (362)   28,469 
Unrealized gain in intercompany transactions by consolidation   7,418    (1 ,966)    
-
    74    5,526 
Provision   110,358    15,127    
-
    (892)   124,593 
Other   37,259    (39,220)   
-
    1,961    - 
Total  $556,812   $(43,461)  $
-
   $8,037    $521, 388 
                          
Deferred tax liabilities                         
Intangible assets  $(10,304,876)  $5,178,301   $
-
   $(9,604)  $(5,136,179)
Unrealized exchange gain   (11,033)   6,556    
-
    (537)   (5,014)
Property, plant and equipment   (13,895)   14,522    
-
    (627)   - 
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income   (15,483)   
-
    5,229    (206)   (10,460)
Right-of-use assets   
-
    (12,958)   
-
    583    (12,375)
Total  $(10,345,287)  $5,186,421   $5,229   $(10,391)  $(5,164,028)
Information presented on statements of financial position:                         
Deferred tax assets  $556,812                  $521,388 
Deferred tax liabilities  $(10,345,287)                 $(5,164,028)
Schedule of Temporary Difference Deferred Tax Assets Expiration dates of unused taxable losses and amounts of unrecognized deferred income tax assets are as follows:
December 31, 2023  
Year incurred   Amount filed/ assessed     Unused amount     Unrecognized
deferred tax assets		     Expiry year  
2014   $ 395,842     $ 395,842     $ 395,842       2024  
2015     772,710       772,710       772,710       2025  
2016     702,197       702,197       702,197       2026  
2017     1,270,776       1,270,776       1,270,776       2027  
2018     2,343,360       1,217,336       973,999       2028  
2019     1,640,432       1,541,734       1,322,884       2029  
2020     1,743,853       1,743,853       1,743,853       2030  
2021     3,115,008       2,343,174       2,343,174       2031  
2022     3,473,641       1,692,838       1,692,838       2032  
2023     7,113,019       5,796,947       5,445,297       2033  
    $ 22,570,838     $ 17,477,407     $ 16,663,570          

 

December 31, 2024  
Year incurred   Amount filed/ assessed     Unused amount     Unrecognized
deferred tax assets		     Expiry year  
2015   $ 723,694     $ 723,694     $ 723,694       2025  
2016     857,332       857,332       857,332       2026  
2017     1,424,442       1,424,442       1,424,442       2027  
2018     2,384,411       1,365,260       1,270,863       2028  
2019     1,598,734       1,561,769       1,561,769       2029  
2020     1,952,000       1,952,000       1,952,000       2030  
2021     2,418,199       1,928,952       1,928,952       2031  
2022     2,821,925       577,879       577,879       2032  
2023     3,997,369       1,184,498       1,184,498       2033  
2024     4,377,614       4,316,177       4,316,177       2034  
    $ 22,555,720     $ 15,892,003     $ 15,797,606          

 

December 31, 2025  
Year incurred   Amount filed/ assessed     Unused amount     Unrecognized
deferred tax assets		     Expiry year  
2016   $ 884,768     $ 884,768     $ 884,768       2026  
2017     1,474,744       1,474,744       1,474,744       2027  
2018     2,420,265       1,403,110       1,246,984       2028  
2019     1,634,267       1,597,375       1,597,375       2029  
2020     1,672,864       1,672,864       1,672,864       2030  
2021     1,829,355       1,341,067       1,341,067       2031  
2022     1,164,292       1,067,134       1,067,134       2032  
2023     2,799,633       2,735,347       2,735,347       2033  
2024     2,470,512       2,470,512       2,470,512       2034  
2025     4,362,323       4,362,323       4,362,323       2035  
    $ 20,713,023     $ 19,009,244     $ 18,853,118          
Schedule of Temporary Difference Deferred Tax Assets The amounts of deductible temporary difference that are not recognized as deferred tax assets are as follows:
   December 31,
2023		   December 31,
2024		   December 31,
2025		 
Deductible temporary differences  $20,521,572   $21,676,130   $20,184,416