| Related party transactions |
| 37. | Related party transactions |
| a) | Names of related parties and relationship |
| Name | | Relationship | | Ad Hu Tung Co., Ltd. (“Ad Hu”) | | Other related parties | | AccuHit AI Technology Taiwan Co., Ltd. (“AccuHit”) | | Shareholder | | Yi Chuan-Lin | | Shareholder | | Tzu-Wei Chung | | Chairman of the Company | | Yu-Ling Yang | | Key management | | Hsiu Ling-Hsu | | Key management | | Chih Wei-Lee | | Key management |
| b) | Significant related party transactions |
| | |
Year ended December 31, | |
| | |
2023 | | |
2024 | | |
2025 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Ad Hu | |
$ | - | | |
$ | - | | |
$ | 18,780 | |
| | |
Year ended December 31, | |
| | |
2023 | | |
2024 | | |
2025 | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Ad Hu | |
$ | 322,906 | | |
$ | 406,433 | | |
$ | 344,946 | |
| AccuHit | |
| 42,370 | | |
| 8,171 | | |
| 1,888 | |
| | |
$ | 365,276 | | |
$ | 414,604 | | |
$ | 346,834 | |
Service revenues and costs are negotiated with related parties
based on agreed agreement, and the conditions and payment terms are the same as third parties.
| (c) | Receivables from related parties: |
| | |
December 31,
2024 | | |
December 31,
2025 | |
| Other receivables: | |
| | | |
| | |
| Ad Hu | |
$ | - | | |
$ | 3,679 | |
The receivables from related parties arise mainly from overpayments
of payables and are collected in the following month. The receivables bear no interest.
| (d) | Payables to related parties: |
| | |
December 31,
2024 | | |
December 31,
2025 | |
| Accounts payable: | |
| | |
| |
| Ad Hu | |
$ | 576 | | |
$ | - | |
| AccuHit | |
| 346 | | |
| - | |
| | |
$ | 922 | | |
$ | - | |
The payables to related parties arise mainly from purchase
of labor services and are due 1 to 2 months after the date of purchase. The payables bear no interest.
Purchase of computer software from AccuHit, amounting to $79,542 for
the year ended December 31, 2025.
The Group’s key management personnel Tzu-Wei Chung provided guarantees
for the Group’s short-term and long-term bank loans. As of December 31, 2024 and 2025, details of loans are described in Note 16.
| (g) | Loans from related parties |
Outstanding balance:
| | |
December 31,
2024 | | |
December 31, 2025 | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Yi Chuan-Lin | |
$ | 400,000 | | |
$ | 400,000 | |
| Tzu-Wei Chung | |
| 304,971 | | |
| 636,335 | |
| Yu-Ling Yang | |
| 91,491 | | |
| 95,450 | |
| Hsiu Ling-Hsu | |
| - | | |
| 286,351 | |
| Chih Wei-Lee | |
| - | | |
| 57,270 | |
| | |
$ | 796,462 | | |
$ | 1,475,406 | |
Interest expense and other payables –interest payable:
| | |
December 31,
2024 | | |
December 31,
2025 | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Yi Chuan-Lin | |
$ | 42,193 | | |
$ | 74,193 | |
| Tzu-Wei Chung | |
| 728 | | |
| 10,463 | |
| Yu-Ling Yang | |
| 1,887 | | |
| 5,065 | |
| Hsiu Ling-Hsu | |
| - | | |
| 6,574 | |
| Chih Wei-Lee | |
| - | | |
| 758 | |
| | |
$ | 44,808 | | |
$ | 97,053 | |
| | |
| | | |
| | |
| Principal and interest of loans from related parties | |
$ | 841,270 | | |
$ | 1,572,459 | |
The loans from related parties carry interest at 3.244%~8%.
| (h) | Key management personnel compensation |
| | |
Year ended December 31, | |
| | |
2023 | | |
2024 | | |
2025 | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| Salaries and other short-term employee benefits | |
$ | 707,931 | | |
$ | 1,339,870 | | |
$ | 1,383,839 | |
| Post-employment benefits | |
| 8,300 | | |
| 25,375 | | |
| 21,390 | |
| | |
$ | 716,231 | | |
$ | 1,365,245 | | |
$ | 1,405,229 | |
|