<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:019ddb05-b256-70a2-a3d6-e22578960d86,g:0e43f5ef-33da-4a04-9a64-9c6e8c876170-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://emergentbiosolutions.com/role/Cover" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ebs-20260429.xsd#Cover"/>
  <link:presentationLink xlink:role="http://emergentbiosolutions.com/role/Cover" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ddb05-b256-7385-9e9e-cc03fd511e72" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressesTable_019ddb05-b256-7cf7-be3b-26e649eef32c" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressesTable"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ddb05-b256-7385-9e9e-cc03fd511e72" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressesTable_019ddb05-b256-7cf7-be3b-26e649eef32c" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_019ddb05-b256-7995-8ca1-151ead23252a" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesTable_019ddb05-b256-7cf7-be3b-26e649eef32c" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_019ddb05-b256-7995-8ca1-151ead23252a" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_AddressTypeDomain_019ddb05-b256-7c3f-9fb2-96f36a63c922" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AddressTypeDomain"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_019ddb05-b256-7995-8ca1-151ead23252a" xlink:to="loc_dei_AddressTypeDomain_019ddb05-b256-7c3f-9fb2-96f36a63c922" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_FormerAddressMember_019ddb05-b256-7294-a3b2-5b0958240ceb" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_FormerAddressMember"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_AddressTypeDomain_019ddb05-b256-7c3f-9fb2-96f36a63c922" xlink:to="loc_dei_FormerAddressMember_019ddb05-b256-7294-a3b2-5b0958240ceb" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressesLineItems"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesTable_019ddb05-b256-7cf7-be3b-26e649eef32c" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType_019ddb05-b256-7c7e-856b-b302d6e53933" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentType_019ddb05-b256-7c7e-856b-b302d6e53933" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_019ddb05-b256-76bf-bae0-3a0159e8e16f" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_019ddb05-b256-76bf-bae0-3a0159e8e16f" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_019ddb05-b256-7b2a-af10-3e4e7236347c" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="3" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_019ddb05-b256-7b2a-af10-3e4e7236347c" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_019ddb05-b256-79bd-aaee-d5b26a650f0b" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="4" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_019ddb05-b256-79bd-aaee-d5b26a650f0b" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_019ddb05-b256-739c-bf41-5386bcd0a1ef" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="5" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_019ddb05-b256-739c-bf41-5386bcd0a1ef" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_019ddb05-b256-7d26-ad58-3732289fe9de" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="6" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_019ddb05-b256-7d26-ad58-3732289fe9de" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_019ddb05-b256-7392-9002-7dc9c32805fe" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="7" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_019ddb05-b256-7392-9002-7dc9c32805fe" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_019ddb05-b256-7a37-9228-d1545ffa5133" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="8" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_019ddb05-b256-7a37-9228-d1545ffa5133" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_019ddb05-b256-7134-88c7-c99ca9faa4ac" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="9" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_019ddb05-b256-7134-88c7-c99ca9faa4ac" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_019ddb05-b256-79cf-8f08-372900335fa4" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="10" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_019ddb05-b256-79cf-8f08-372900335fa4" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_019ddb05-b256-7504-bae6-b23ece058ffd" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="11" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_019ddb05-b256-7504-bae6-b23ece058ffd" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_019ddb05-b256-78d0-8f9b-3f25e6e74a68" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="12" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_019ddb05-b256-78d0-8f9b-3f25e6e74a68" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_019ddb05-b256-7c8c-963c-8fe1ad795a12" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="13" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_019ddb05-b256-7c8c-963c-8fe1ad795a12" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial_019ddb05-b256-7342-96b0-08a63755ee73" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="14" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial_019ddb05-b256-7342-96b0-08a63755ee73" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_019ddb05-b256-7f0c-ba52-e6a82d7b9481" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="15" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_019ddb05-b256-7f0c-ba52-e6a82d7b9481" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_019ddb05-b256-7fa9-bb07-d657f484374e" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="16" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_019ddb05-b256-7fa9-bb07-d657f484374e" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_019ddb05-b256-7c49-a9f2-0456363fadbf" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="17" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_019ddb05-b256-7c49-a9f2-0456363fadbf" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_Security12bTitle_019ddb05-b256-77e5-a496-d16e6b584572" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="18" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_Security12bTitle_019ddb05-b256-77e5-a496-d16e6b584572" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_019ddb05-b256-781e-9d5a-329d9f443dd0" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="19" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_019ddb05-b256-781e-9d5a-329d9f443dd0" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName_019ddb05-b256-72bc-b5b6-79de4f5e8fe7" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="20" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName_019ddb05-b256-72bc-b5b6-79de4f5e8fe7" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_019ddb05-b256-76e2-9a6f-5f956661b0ca" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="21" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_019ddb05-b256-76e2-9a6f-5f956661b0ca" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_019ddb05-b256-74b7-94fe-a8a2e0337ef1" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="22" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_019ddb05-b256-74b7-94fe-a8a2e0337ef1" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_019ddb05-b256-7721-8244-7d38ef923624" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="23" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_EntityAddressesLineItems_019ddb05-b256-7666-9bdf-fd49189448cd" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_019ddb05-b256-7721-8244-7d38ef923624" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentInformationTable_019ddb05-b256-7bdc-8af6-6f6d374ed999" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationTable"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019ddb05-b256-7385-9e9e-cc03fd511e72" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentInformationTable_019ddb05-b256-7bdc-8af6-6f6d374ed999" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_019ddb05-b256-71f4-b1ea-22314bfb5898" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationLineItems"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationTable_019ddb05-b256-7bdc-8af6-6f6d374ed999" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_019ddb05-b256-71f4-b1ea-22314bfb5898" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType_019ddb05-b256-70bc-ad55-85acf4e1e1ba" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_019ddb05-b256-71f4-b1ea-22314bfb5898" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentType_019ddb05-b256-70bc-ad55-85acf4e1e1ba" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
  </link:presentationLink>
</link:linkbase>
