The Company’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks from its operation. The key financial risks include credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk (including foreign currency risk and interest rate risk).

Credit risk

Credit risk refers to the risk that the counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in a loss to the Company. The Company’s exposure to credit risk arises primarily from trade and other receivables. For other financial assets (including cash), the Company minimizes credit risk by dealing exclusively with high credit rating counterparties.

The Company’s current credit risk grading framework comprises the following categories:

The table below details the credit quality of the Company’s financial assets, as well as maximum exposure to credit risk by credit risk rating categories:

Trade receivables

For trade receivables, the Company has applied the simplified approach in IFRS 9 and use provision matrix to measure the loss allowance at lifetime ECL. In determining ECL on a collective basis, trade receivables are grouped based on similar credit risk and aging. The Company considers the historical credit loss experience based on the past due status of the debtors, historical customers’ payment profile and adjusted as appropriate to reflect current conditions and estimates of future economic conditions affecting the ability of the customers to settle the debts. Accordingly, the credit risk profile of trade receivables is presented based on their past due status in terms of the provision matrix.

Exposure to credit risk

The Company has no significant concentration of credit risk except for those significant customers disclosed below. The Company has credit policies and procedures in place to minimize and mitigate its credit risk exposure.

The following table sets forth a summary of single customers who represent 5% or more of the Company’s revenue:

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk refers to the risk that the Company will encounter difficulties in meeting its short-term obligations due to shortage of funds. The Company’s exposure to liquidity risk arises primarily from mismatches of the maturities of financial assets and liabilities. It is managed by matching the payment and receipt cycles. The Company finances its working capital requirements through a combination of funds generated from operations, bank borrowings, and advances and loans from related parties, if necessary. 

Market risk

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as interest rates and foreign exchange rates will affect the Company’s profit or loss. The objective of market risk management is to manage and control market risk exposures within acceptable parameters, while optimizing the return on risk.

Interest rate risk

The Company does not expect any significant effect on the Company’s profit or loss arising from the effects of reasonably possible changes to interest rates on interest bearing financial instruments at the end of the reporting period.

Foreign currency risk

The Company ensures that the net exposure is kept to an acceptable level by buying or selling foreign currencies at spot rates, where necessary, to address short-term imbalances.