In addition to the significant expense categories included within consolidated net income presented on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, see below for disaggregated amounts that comprise research and development expenses:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)	2026		2025
Direct research and development expenses(a)	$	498.6	$	388.4

Indirect research and development expenses:
Payroll and benefits	484.2		451.6
Lab supplies and other research and development costs	59.3		60.0
Occupancy and other operating costs	170.9		154.4
Total indirect research and development expenses	714.4		666.0

Clinical manufacturing costs	364.1		310.3

Reimbursement of research and development expenses by collaborators	(33.6)		(37.3)

Total research and development expenses	$	1,543.5	$	1,327.4

(a) Direct research and development expenses are comprised primarily of costs paid to third parties for clinical and product development activities, and the portion of research and development expenses incurred by our collaborators that we are obligated to reimburse