Taxation (Tables)
|
12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2025 |
| Taxation [Abstract] |
|
| Schedule of Loss Before Income Tax Expense |
Loss before income tax expense is attributable to the following geographic locations:
|
|
|
For the year ended December 31,
|
| |
|
2023
|
|
2024
|
|
2025
|
|
Indonesia
|
|
$
|
(3,347,542 |
)
|
|
$
|
(6,049,691 |
)
|
|
$
|
(3,555,920 |
)
|
|
Japan
|
|
|
(1,382,178 |
)
|
|
|
(994,972 |
)
|
|
|
(3,178,754 |
)
|
|
Hong Kong
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
59,692 |
|
|
Cayman Islands
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,159,141 |
)
|
|
|
1,785,424 |
|
|
Others
|
|
|
(1,994,138 |
)
|
|
|
(2,774,987 |
)
|
|
|
(1,071,483 |
)
|
|
Total loss before income tax expense
|
|
$
|
(6,723,858 |
)
|
|
$
|
(10,978,791 |
)
|
|
$
|
(5,961,041 |
)
|
|
| Schedule of Income Tax Expense |
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025, the details of income tax expense are set forth below:
|
|
|
For the years ended December 31,
|
| |
|
2023
|
|
2024
|
|
2025
|
|
Current income tax
|
|
$
|
2,831 |
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
9,064 |
|
Deferred income tax
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Total income tax expense
|
|
$
|
2,831 |
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
9,064 |
|
| Schedule of Reconciliation Between the Income Tax Expense |
Since the Japanese subsidiaries of the Group incurred the majority of revenue and accumulated operating loss carried forward historically, a reconciliation between the income tax expense determined at the Japanese statutory tax rate and the actual income tax expense of the Group is as follows:
|
|
|
For the years ended December 31,
|
| |
|
2023
|
|
2024
|
|
2025
|
|
Loss before income tax expense
|
|
$
|
(6,723,858 |
)
|
|
$
|
(10,978,791 |
)
|
|
$
|
(5,961,041 |
)
|
|
Computed income tax benefit with statutory tax rate*
|
|
|
(2,058,845 |
)
|
|
|
(3,361,706 |
)
|
|
|
(1,825,271 |
)
|
|
Impact of different tax rates in other jurisdictions
|
|
|
509,425 |
|
|
|
1,167,944 |
|
|
|
(109,809 |
)
|
|
Tax effect of non-deductible items
|
|
|
85,351 |
|
|
|
1,562 |
|
|
|
17,425 |
|
|
Effect of changes in tax rates
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
11,696 |
|
|
Changes in valuation allowance on deferred tax assets
|
|
|
1,466,900 |
|
|
|
2,192,200 |
|
|
|
1,915,023 |
|
|
Income tax expense
|
|
$
|
2,831 |
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
9,064 |
|
|
Effective income tax rate
|
|
|
(0.04 |
)%
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(0.15 |
)%
|
|
| Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets |
As of December 31, 2024 and 2025, the significant components of the deferred tax assets are summarized below:
|
|
|
As of December 31,
|
| |
|
2024
|
|
2025
|
|
Deferred tax assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating loss carried forward
|
|
$
|
5,032,067 |
|
|
$
|
6,174,854 |
|
|
Accrued expenses
|
|
|
332,869 |
|
|
|
108,724 |
|
|
Allowance for doubtful accounts
|
|
|
187,874 |
|
|
|
613,303 |
|
|
Lease liabilities
|
|
|
129,200 |
|
|
|
746,490 |
|
|
Impairment of inventory
|
|
|
63,517 |
|
|
|
42,528 |
|
|
Others
|
|
|
423 |
|
|
|
431 |
|
|
Total deferred tax assets
|
|
|
5,745,950 |
|
|
|
7,686,330 |
|
|
Less: valuation allowance
|
|
|
(5,626,785 |
)
|
|
|
(7,570,490 |
)
|
|
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
|
|
|
119,165 |
|
|
|
115,840 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Right-of-use assets
|
|
|
(119,165 |
)
|
|
|
(115,840 |
)
|
|
Total deferred tax liabilities
|
|
|
(119,165 |
)
|
|
|
(115,840 |
)
|
|
Deferred tax assets, net
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
| Schedule of Changes in Valuation Allowance |
Changes in valuation allowance are as follows:
|
|
|
As of December 31,
|
| |
|
2023
|
|
2024
|
|
2025
|
|
Balance at the beginning of the year
|
|
$
|
2,298,025 |
|
$
|
3,764,925 |
|
|
$
|
5,626,785 |
|
|
Additions
|
|
|
1,466,900 |
|
|
2,192,200 |
|
|
|
1,939,960 |
|
|
Release
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(24,937 |
)
|
|
Exchange difference
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(330,340 |
)
|
|
|
28,682 |
|
|
Balance at the end of the year
|
|
$
|
3,764,925 |
|
$
|
5,626,785 |
|
|
$
|
7,570,490 |
|
|
| Schedule of Net Operating Loss Carryforwards |
As of December 31, 2025, net operating loss carryforwards will expire, if unused, in the following amounts:
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
2026
|
|
$
|
10,218 |
|
2027
|
|
|
745,529 |
|
2028
|
|
|
3,178,638 |
|
2029
|
|
|
5,578,730 |
|
2030
|
|
|
3,723,222 |
|
2031
|
|
|
1,821,465 |
|
2032
|
|
|
1,290,856 |
|
2033
|
|
|
798,002 |
|
2034
|
|
|
1,060,265 |
|
2037
|
|
|
285,859 |
|
2038
|
|
|
210,385 |
|
2039
|
|
|
284,037 |
|
2040
|
|
|
61,720 |
|
Indefinitely
|
|
|
8,331,711 |
|
Total
|
|
$
|
27,380,637 |
|