v3.26.1
INCOME TAX (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
INCOME TAX  
Components of loss before income taxes

For the Year Ended

December 31, 

  ​ ​ ​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2025

RMB

RMB

RMB

Mainland China

 

(270,748,715)

 

(202,919,043)

 

(34,306,330)

Non-Mainland China

(11,280,151)

(13,888,146)

(28,062,849)

Total

 

(282,028,866)

 

(216,807,189)

 

(62,369,179)

Schedule of income tax expense (benefit)

For the Year Ended December 31, 

2023

2024

2025

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

Current

Mainland China

759,425

(464,340)

52,582

Non-Mainland China

144,468

1,170,249

Total Current income tax expense (benefit)

759,425

(319,872)

1,222,831

Deferred

Mainland China

(10,952,309)

(23,286,678)

(22,952,588)

Non-Mainland China

(1,253,834)

Total Deferred income tax benefit

(10,952,309)

(23,286,678)

(24,206,422)

Total

 

(10,192,884)

 

(23,606,550)

 

(22,983,591)

Schedule of reconciliation of statutory income tax rate and effective income tax rate

 

For the Year Ended

 

December 31, 

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

RMB

Expected taxation at PRC statutory tax rate

 

(71,077,803)

(54,201,797)

Tax effect of tax‑exempt entities and differing tax rates in different jurisdictions

 

2,820,038

105,035

Research and development expenses bonus deduction

 

(30,807,283)

(25,718,922)

Non-deductible share-based compensation expenses

 

11,742,974

5,850,869

Other non-deductible expenses

 

2,491,593

888,261

Preferential tax rate difference

 

7,301,540

15,880,110

Others

229,108

1,116,269

Change in valuation allowance

67,106,949

32,473,625

Actual income tax benefit

 

(10,192,884)

(23,606,550)

Effect of preferential tax rates on basic net loss per ordinary share

(0.05)

(0.10)

Effect of preferential tax rates on diluted net loss per ordinary share

(0.05)

(0.10)

For the Year Ended

 

December 31,

 

2025

 

  ​ ​ ​

Amount

  ​ ​ ​

Percent

 

Expected taxation at PRC statutory tax rate

 

(15,592,295)

 

25.0

%

Nontaxable or nondeductible items

 

  ​

 

  ​

Share-based compensation expenses

 

6,691,566

 

(10.7)

%

Other non-deductible expenses

 

4,745,881

 

(7.6)

%

Other Adjustments

 

  ​

 

  ​

Tax incentives relating to R&D expenditures

 

(28,027,491)

 

44.9

%

Preferential tax rate difference

 

(338,266)

 

0.5

%

Other

 

2,026,356

 

(3.2)

%

Change in valuation allowance

 

6,688,725

 

(10.7)

%

Foreign tax effects

 

821,933

 

(1.3)

%

Actual income tax benefit

 

(22,983,591)

 

36.9

%

Effect of preferential tax rates on basic net loss per ordinary share

 

0.00

 

Effect of preferential tax rates on diluted net loss per ordinary share

 

0.00

 

Schedule of deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities

 

As of December 31, 

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

Deferred income tax assets

Net operating loss carry forwards

 

115,610,787

 

130,002,615

Accrued warranty

 

4,394,077

 

5,801,139

Advertising expense

2,113,991

2,113,991

Deferred revenue

 

10,709,100

 

16,727,916

Allowance for doubtful accounts

 

43,361,947

 

40,986,292

Lease Liabilities

226,552

1,502,360

Write-downs of inventories

 

6,426,901

 

19,587,760

Less: Valuation allowance

 

(140,255,931)

 

(146,944,656)

Total deferred income tax assets, net

42,587,424

69,777,417

Deferred income tax liabilities

Operating lease right-of-use assets

226,551

1,502,360

Property, plant and equipment

13,878,083

12,875,517

Total deferred income tax liabilities

14,104,634

14,377,877

Net deferred income tax assets

31,752,254

57,457,432

Net deferred income tax liabilities

3,269,464

2,057,892

Schedule of changes in valuation allowance

 

For the Year Ended

 

December 31, 

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

RMB

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

Balance at the beginning of the year

 

40,764,285

 

107,782,306

 

140,255,931

Additions

 

68,593,841

 

32,473,625

 

31,752,295

Reduction

(1,575,820)

(25,063,570)

Balance at the end of the year

 

107,782,306

 

140,255,931

 

146,944,656