v3.26.1
Income taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Income taxes  
Schedule of Income (loss) before income taxes

  ​ ​ ​

Years ended December 31, 

  ​ ​ ​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2025

RMB

RMB

RMB

PRC

(92,977,042)

 

(533,372,130)

 

56,078,654

Overseas

161,174,386

 

245,969,524

 

(54,824,150)

Total

68,197,344

 

(287,402,606)

 

1,254,504

Schedule of reconciliation between the statutory rate and the group's effective tax rate

  ​ ​ ​

Years ended December 31, 

  ​ ​ ​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

PRC income tax rate

25.00

%  

25.00

%  

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes

19.77

%  

(8.79)

%  

Effect of tax rate in different tax jurisdiction

(77.33)

%  

20.76

%  

Change in valuation allowance

36.13

%  

(42.33)

%  

Total

3.57

%  

(5.36)

%  

  ​ ​ ​

Years ended December 31, 2025

 

Amount

Percent

 

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

  ​ ​ ​

 

Income before provision for income tax

 

1,254,504

 

  ​

Local Income tax of mainland of China

 

313,626

 

25.00

%

Foreign tax effects

 

 

  ​

Cayman

 

 

  ​

Tax rate differential

 

(2,598,393)

 

(207.12)

%

British Virgin Islands (“BVI”)

 

 

Tax rate differential

 

16,300,305

 

1,299.34

%

Others

 

 

  ​

Tax rate differential

 

8,759

 

0.70

%

Changes in valuation allowances

 

(4,634)

 

(0.37)

%

Changes in valuation allowance

 

11,727,719

 

934.85

%

Nondeductible items

 

4,739,972

 

377.84

%

True-up

 

(3,881,972)

 

(309.44)

%

Effect of expired tax loss

 

665,217

 

53.03

%

Disposal of previously recognized tax loss

 

1,137,971

 

90.70

%

Effective tax rate

28,408,570

2,264.53

%

Schedule of deferred tax assets

  ​ ​ ​

Years ended December 31, 

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2025

RMB

RMB

Deferred tax assets

 

  ​

 

  ​

Tax loss carried forward

 

461,896,586

 

484,867,200

Deductible temporary differences

 

308,259,437

 

308,458,751

Tax basis difference upon the restructuring in 2016

 

11,911,959

 

916,032

Allowance for credit loss

 

10,812,975

 

10,769,920

Allowance for others

 

18,868,173

 

18,460,312

Total deferred tax assets

 

811,749,130

 

823,472,215

Less: valuation allowance

 

(811,749,130)

 

(823,472,215)

Net deferred tax assets

Schedule of movement of deferred tax valuation allowance

Years ended December 31, 

2023

2024

2025

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

  ​ ​ ​

RMB

Balance at beginning of the year

 

1,064,015,562

 

1,111,583,535

 

811,749,130

Increase

 

82,998,721

 

28,617,596

 

17,385,339

Decrease

 

(35,430,748)

 

(328,452,001)

 

(5,662,254)

Balance at end of the year

 

1,111,583,535

 

811,749,130

 

823,472,215