As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s major subsidiaries, consolidated VIEs and consolidated VIEs’ subsidiaries are as follows:
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Equity interest held |
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Place and date of incorporation |
Subsidiaries |
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| Beijing Jingdong Century Trade Co., Ltd. (“Jingdong Century”) |
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100% |
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Beijing, China, April 2007 |
| Jiangsu Jingdong Information Technology Co., Ltd. |
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100% |
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Jiangsu, China, June 2009 |
| Shanghai Shengdayuan Information Technology Co., Ltd. |
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100% |
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Shanghai, China, April 2011 |
| JD Logistics Holding Limited |
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63% |
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Hong Kong, China, August 2011 |
| Jingdong Technology Group Corporation |
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100% |
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Cayman Islands, November 2011 |
| JINGDONG Property, Inc. |
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75% |
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Cayman Islands, January 2012 |
| JD Logistics, Inc. |
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63% |
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Cayman Islands, January 2012 |
Jingdong E-Commerce (Trade) Hong Kong Co., Ltd. |
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100% |
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Hong Kong, China, February 2012 |
| JD.com International Limited |
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100% |
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Hong Kong, China, February 2012 |
| Beijing Jingdong Shangke Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Shangke”) |
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100% |
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Beijing, China, March 2012 |
Chongqing Jingdong Haijia E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Chongqing Haijia”) |
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100% |
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Chongqing, China, June 2014 |
| JD.com Investment Limited |
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100% |
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British Virgin Islands (“BVI”), January 2015 |
| JD Asia Development Limited |
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75% |
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British Virgin Islands, February 2015 |
| Suqian Hanbang Investment Management Co., Ltd. |
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100% |
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Jiangsu, China, January 2016 |
| Jiangsu Xinchuan Hailian Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd. |
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63% |
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Jiangsu, China, May 2017 |
| JD Assets Holding Limited |
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100% |
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Cayman Islands, March 2018 |
| JD Property Holding Limited |
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100% |
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Cayman Islands, March 2018 |
| Beijing Wodong Tianjun Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Wodong Tianjun”) |
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100% |
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Beijing, China, May 2018 |
| JD Health International Inc. |
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67% |
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Cayman Islands, November 2018 |
| JD Jiankang Limited |
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100% |
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British Virgin Islands, April 2019 |
| JD Industrial Technology Limited |
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100% |
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British Virgin Islands, October 2019 |
| JINGDONG Industrials, Inc. |
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71% |
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Cayman Islands, November 2019 |
| Jingdong Logistics Supply Chain Co., Ltd. |
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63% |
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Jiangsu, China, June 2020 |
| Jiangsu Huiji Space Technology Co., Ltd. |
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100% |
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Jiangsu, China, March 2019 |
| JD Sunflower Investment Limited(“JD Sunflower”) |
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100% |
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British Virgin Islands, February 2016 |
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Consolidated VIEs |
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Beijing Jingdong 360 Degree E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Jingdong 360”) |
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Beijing, China, April 2007 |
Jiangsu Yuanzhou E-commerce Co., Ltd. (“Jiangsu Yuanzhou”) |
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Jiangsu, China, September 2010 |
| Jiangsu Jingdong Bangneng Investment Management Co., Ltd. (“Jingdong Bangneng”) |
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Jiangsu, China, August 2015 |
| Xi’an Jingdong Xincheng Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Xi’an Jingdong Xincheng”) |
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Shaanxi, China, June 2017 |
| Suqian Hanyu Technology Co., Ltd. (“Suqian Hanyu”) |
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Jiangsu, China, December 2024 |
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Consolidated VIEs’ Subsidiaries |
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| Beijing Jingbangda Trade Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Jingbangda”) |
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Beijing, China, August 2012 |
| Suqian Juhe Digital Enterprise Management Co., Ltd. (“Suqian Juhe”) |
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Jiangsu, China, June 2020 |