14. Earnings (loss) per share

(a) Basic

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing profit (loss) attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year.

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(b) Diluted

The Company has three categories of dilutive potential ordinary shares: share options, restricted shares and RSUs. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding (denominator) to assume conversion of all potential dilutive ordinary shares arising from share options, restricted shares and RSUs granted by the Company, which is determined under the treasury stock method. The Company adjusts for preferred shares and other financial instruments issued by subsidiaries in the calculation of profit (loss) attributable to equity holders of the Company used in the diluted earnings (loss) per share calculation, where applicable.

As the Group incurred losses for the year ended December 31, 2023, these potential ordinary shares were not included in the calculation of diluted loss per share as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. The dilution effect arising from preferred shares and other financial instruments issued by subsidiaries was not included in the calculation of profit (loss) attributable to equity holders of the Company used in calculating diluted earnings (loss) per share as the inclusion would be anti-dilutive for the year ended December 31, 2023.

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