Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
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Dec. 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). The Company’s financial statements have been prepared on a consolidated basis and as of December 31, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2025 include the consolidated accounts of the Company. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements herein.
Use of Estimates
The Company prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires management to use its judgment to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosures at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reported period. These assumptions and estimates could have a material effect on the financial statements. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates. The Company’s management periodically reviews estimates on an ongoing basis based on information currently available, and changes in facts and circumstances may cause the Company to revise these estimates. Significant estimates include estimates used in the accounting for digital assets, revenue recognition, useful lives of equipment and the evaluation allowance related to deferred tax assets. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Fair Value Measurement
As defined in GAAP, fair value represents the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As a result, fair value is a market-based approach that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. As a basis for considering these assumptions, GAAP defines a three-tier value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value.
Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include all cash on hand, demand deposits and short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents consisted of $38,919,486, respectively. The Company maintains its cash in banks insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) in accounts that at times may be in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000 per bank. The Company minimizes this risk by placing its cash deposits with major financial institutions. At December 31, 2025, the uninsured balances amounted to $37,914,117. There is a risk the Company may lose uninsured balances over the FDIC insurance limit. The Company has not experienced any such losses.
Digital Assets
The Company holds digital assets classified as indefinite-lived intangible assets in accordance with Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2023-08, “Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets.” These crypto assets are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. As part of its scope assessment, the Company evaluated all digital assets held during the years ended December 31, 2025, to determine whether they meet the criteria for recognition under ASU 2023-08. Based on this assessment, the Company concluded that its holdings of Bitcoin, Dogecoin and other Litecoins are in-scope digital assets. These assets are actively traded, held in custodial arrangements with enforceable rights, and used in operations or treasury activities. Further, the Company noted there are no digital assets that are not actively used, lack enforceable ownership rights, or are immaterial in value during the year ended December 31, 2025.
The Company determines the fair value of its in-scope digital assets using the market approach, primarily based on observable market prices in active exchanges. The valuation process considers relevant inputs such as exchange prices of similar digital assets, liquidity, and market depth. The fair value measurements are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy, as the inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s digital assets are recorded at a fair value of $4,430,202. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recognized a net unrealized and realized loss of $443,696 in the consolidated statements of operations and related to changes in fair value of digital assets. The Company continuously evaluates the fair value of its digital assets, considering market conditions and other factors that may impact valuation. There were no significant changes in the valuation techniques or inputs used during the reporting period.
Impairment of long-lived assets
Management reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. There we no impairment recognized during the year ended or as of December 31, 2025.
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had $468,817 of prepaid expenses which primarily consisted of premiums on insurance policies and prepaid power charges associated with its locations. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had $621,660 of other assets which primarily consisted of hosting deposits for its colocation locations. See Note 7 for further details on the Company’s colocation arrangements.
Equipment
Equipment, which consists of mining and computer equipment, is recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives. Ordinary repair and maintenance costs are included in general and administrative expenses on our statement of operations. However, expenditures for additions or improvements that significantly extend the useful life of the asset are capitalized in the period incurred. At the time assets are sold or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from their respective accounts and the related gains or losses are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations in gains from sales of property and equipment, net. The estimated useful life for mining equipment and computer equipment is two and three years, respectfully. The Company evaluates the appropriateness of remaining depreciable lives assigned to computer equipment at the end of each fiscal year.
Capitalized Software Costs
The Company capitalizes certain costs related to the development and enhancement of the Thumzup platform. In accordance with authoritative guidance, including ASC 350-40, we began to capitalize these costs when the technological feasibility was established and preliminary development efforts were successfully completed, management has authorized and committed project funding, and it was probable that the project would be completed and the software would be used as intended. Such costs are amortized when placed in service, on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the related asset, generally estimated to be three years. Costs incurred prior to meeting these criteria together with costs incurred for training and maintenance are expensed as incurred and recorded in product development expenses on our consolidated statements of operations. Costs incurred for enhancements that were expected to result in additional features or functionality that would generate additional revenue are capitalized and expensed over the estimated useful life of the enhancements, generally three years. The Company does not capitalize any testing or maintenance costs. The accounting for these capitalized software costs requires the Company to make significant judgments, assumptions and estimates related to the timing and amount of recognized capitalized software development costs.
The Company evaluates its capitalized software costs for impairment annually, at year-end. As of December 31, 2025, the Company determined no impairment of its capitalized software costs was warranted.
Revenue Recognition
The Company engages in digital asset mining utilizing the Scrypt hashing algorithm which falls outside of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
The Company engages in the mining of digital assets, primarily utilizing the Scrypt hashing algorithm, such as Litecoin (LTC) and Dogecoin (DOGE). Scrypt is a cryptographic proof-of-work algorithm designed to be computationally and memory intensive, offering an alternative to the SHA-256 algorithm used in Bitcoin mining.
Scrypt mining involves solving complex mathematical problems that require both processing power and memory bandwidth. This algorithm supports the security and integrity of blockchain networks by making it economically impractical to manipulate transaction data. The Company utilizes specialized mining equipment optimized for the Scrypt algorithm to maximize efficiency and output. The Company participates in merged mining of Litecoin and Dogecoin, leveraging the Scrypt algorithm to simultaneously validate blocks on both blockchain networks.
Under Scrypt mining, there is no contract with a customer as the mining rewards area granted by the decentralized blockchain protocol and not a party entering into a contractual agreement. Therefore, Revenue is recognized when control of the mined digital assets is obtained and transferred to a digital wallet, measured at the fair market value of the assets at the time of receipt. Fair value is based on a principal or most advantageous market, using observable market prices from reputable exchanges.
Cost of Revenue
The Company’s cost of revenue consists primarily of direct production costs related to mining operations, including electricity costs, and other relevant costs paid to our hosting facilities in accordance with the colocation agreement.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses primarily include costs related to advertising and marketing programs. Sales and marketing costs are expensed as incurred and totaled $2,804 for year ended December 31, 2025 and are included in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statement of operations.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires that deferred income taxes be provided for temporary differences between the tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities and their financial statement carrying amount. In addition, deferred tax assets are recorded for the future benefit of utilizing net operating losses and research and development tax credit carryforwards. A valuation allowance is provided against deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than not that they will be realized. Significant judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers all available evidence, including past operating results, estimates of future taxable income and the feasibility of tax planning strategies.
In the event that the Company changes its determination as to the amount of deferred tax assets that is more likely than not to be realized, the Company will adjust its valuation allowance with a corresponding impact to the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made. The Company follows the authoritative guidance regarding uncertain tax positions. This guidance requires that realization of an uncertain income tax position must be more likely than not (i.e., greater than 50% likelihood of receiving a benefit) before it can be recognized in the financial statements. The guidance further prescribes the benefit to be realized assumes a review by tax authorities having all relevant information and applying current conventions.
Segment Reporting
Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (the “CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer is the Company’s CODM. The CODM reviews financial information for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance. While the Company does have revenue from multiple products, no measures of profitability by product are available, so discrete financial information is not available for each such component. As such, the Company has determined that it operates as one operating segment and one reportable segment.
The Company maintains its 2024 Equity Incentive Plan 2025 Equity Incentive Plan and 2025 Omnibus Equity Incentive plan (collectively, the “Equity Plans”), under which, the Company’s employees, officers, directors, and other eligible participants may be and have been awarded various types of share-based compensation, including options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and other stock-based awards. Additionally, under the Equity Plans, awards may be and have been granted that are subject to the achievement of one or more performance measures established by the Company’s board of directors or a duly authorized committee thereof.
For options and other stock-based awards, the share-based compensation expense is based on the fair value of the awards on the date of grant, as estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model. For restricted stock units, the share-based compensation expense is based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of liability-classified awards (e.g., the other stock-based awards and cash-settled restricted stock units) is remeasured at each reporting date.
The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense for service-conditioned awards granted under the Equity Plans on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period (generally, the vesting period for service-conditioned awards under the Equity Plans).
See Note 9, Stock Options, to the financial statements for further information regarding the Equity Plans, related share-based compensation expense, and assumptions used in determining fair value.
Treasury Stock
On February 26, 2025, the Thumzup board of directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing the Company to purchase up to an aggregate of $1 million of common stock. Subject to applicable rules and regulations, the shares may be purchased from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. Such purchases will be at times and in amounts as deemed appropriate, based on factors such as market conditions, legal requirements and other business considerations.
On September 23, 2025, the Thumzup board of directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing the Company to purchase up to an aggregate of $10 million of common stock. Subject to applicable rules and regulations, the shares may be purchased from time to time in the open market. Such purchases will be at times and in amounts as deemed appropriate, based on factors such as market conditions, cash reserves, cash flows and other business considerations.
The Company accounts for treasury stock at cost. During the period ended December 31, 2025, the Company repurchased shares of common stock for approximately $274,231 under its share repurchase program.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had $274,231 in treasury stock.
Preferred Stock
The Company is authorized to issue shares of preferred stock, par value $ per share. At December 31, 2025, shares were issued and outstanding.
Common Stock
The Company is authorized to issue shares of common stock, par value $ per share. At December 31, 2025, shares were issued and outstanding.
Member Units
During 2025, the Company issued 11,215,625 Class A -1 units for cash proceeds of $17,945,000.
During 2025, the Company issued 5,794,556 Class A – 2 units for cash proceeds of $10,422,402 and incurred issuance costs, including escrow fees, totaling approximately $1,167,000.
All member units were eliminated upon the consummation of the transaction between Dogehash and Thumzup.
The Company computes loss per share under ASC subtopic 260-10, Earnings Per Share. Net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share, if presented, would include the dilution that would occur upon the exercise or conversion of all potentially dilutive securities into common stock using the “treasury stock” and/or “if converted” methods, as applicable.
The computation of basic and diluted loss per share, for the years ended December 31, 2025, excludes potentially dilutive securities when their inclusion would be anti-dilutive, or if their exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common stock during the period.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted
Crypto Assets
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-08, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Crypto Assets (Subtopic 350-60): Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets (“ASU 2023-08”). ASU 2023-08 requires in-scope crypto assets (including the Company’s bitcoin and dogecoin holdings) to be measured at fair value in the statement of financial position, with gains and losses from changes in the fair value of such crypto assets recognized in net income each reporting period. ASU 2023-08 also requires certain interim and annual disclosures for crypto assets within the scope of the standard. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2025, on a prospective basis.
The Company expects the adoption of ASU 2023-08 will have a material impact on its consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations, statements of cash flows and disclosures. The Company will initially record its bitcoin and dogecoin purchases at cost, upon adopting ASU 2023-08, any subsequent increases or decreases in fair value will be recognized as incurred in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations, and the fair value of the Company’s bitcoin and dogecoin will be reflected within the Company’s consolidated balance sheets each reporting period-end. Additionally, the Company will provide quantitative and qualitative disclosures to meet the new requirements under ASU 2023-08, including a roll-forward of its bitcoin and dogecoin holdings during the reporting period and period-end cost basis, fair value, number of units held, and restrictions.
Segment Reporting
In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 requires enhanced disclosures surrounding reportable segments, particularly (i) significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and included in the reported measure(s) of a segment’s profit and loss and (ii) other segment items that reconcile segment revenue and significant expenses to the reported measure(s) of a segment’s profit and loss, both on an annual and interim basis. Companies are also required to provide all annual disclosures currently required under Topic 280 in interim periods, in addition to disclosing the title and position of the CODM and how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit and loss in assessing segment performance and allocating resources. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 for interim periods beginning January 1, 2025 and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial reporting or disclosures.
Income Taxes
In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 requires enhanced disclosures surrounding income taxes, particularly related to rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. In particular, on an annual basis, companies will be required to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. Companies will also be required to disclose, on an annual basis, the amount of income taxes paid, disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes, and also disaggregated by individual jurisdictions above a quantitative threshold. The standard is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, on a prospective basis, with retrospective application permitted for all prior periods presented. The Company adopted ASU 2023-09 and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial reporting or disclosures.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses
In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) (“ASU 2024-03”). ASU 2024-03 requires specified information about certain costs and expenses be disclosed in the notes to the financial statements, including the expense on the face of the income statement in which they are disclosed, in addition to a qualitative description of remaining amounts not separately disaggregated. Entities will also be required to disclose their definition of “selling expenses” and the total amount in each annual period. The standard is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning January 1, 2027, and for interim periods beginning January 1, 2028, with updates applied either prospectively or retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its disclosures.
There are other various updates recently issued, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
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