| Schedule of attribution of expenses by nature to their function |
| | | | | | | | | | | Year ended December 31, 2025 | | | | | Marketing — | | | | | | | Research and | | business | | General and | | | | | development | | development | | administrative | | | (in thousands of euros) | | expenses | | expenses | | expenses | | Total | Studies | | (65,786) | | — | | — | | (65,786) | Personnel costs | | (14,505) | | (121) | | (35,215) | | (49,842) | Fees | | (432) | | 0 | | (6,179) | | (6,611) | Depreciation, amortization and provisions | | (2,658) | | — | | (253) | | (2,911) | Support costs (including taxes)(1) | | 0 | | (895) | | (750) | | (1,645) | Insurances | | — | | — | | (1,549) | | (1,549) | IT systems | | (936) | | (19) | | (110) | | (1,065) | Patents | | (795) | | — | | — | | (795) | Energy and liquids | | (611) | | — | | — | | (611) | Maintenance | | (403) | | — | | — | | (403) | Disposables | | (235) | | — | | — | | (235) | Other(2) | | (684) | | (3,927) | | (3,839) | | (8,450) | Total operating expenses | | (87,043) | | (4,963) | | (47,895) | | (139,901) |
| | | | | | | | | | | Year ended December 31, 2024 | | | Research and | | Marketing — | | General and | | | | | development | | Business | | administrative | | | (in thousands of euros) | | expenses | | development | | expenses | | Total | Studies | | (68,599) | | — | | — | | (68,599) | Personnel costs | | (13,305) | | (269) | | (5,771) | | (19,345) | Fees | | (315) | | (2) | | (4,845) | | (5,162) | Depreciation, amortization and provisions | | (2,893) | | — | | (694) | | (3,588) | Support costs (including taxes) | | 0 | | (998) | | (795) | | (1,793) | IT systems | | (786) | | (11) | | (61) | | (858) | Patents | | (1,048) | | — | | — | | (1,048) | Energy and liquids | | (846) | | — | | — | | (846) | Maintenance | | (1,025) | | — | | — | | (1,025) | Disposables | | (1,529) | | — | | — | | (1,529) | Other | | (535) | | (675) | | (3,672) | | (4,882) | Total operating expenses | | (90,880) | | (1,953) | | (15,839) | | (108,673) |
| | | | | | | | | | | Year ended December 31, 2023 | | | | | Marketing — | | | | | | | Research and | | business | | General and | | | | | development | | development | | administrative | | | (in thousands of euros) | | expenses | | expenses | | expenses | | Total | Studies | | (88,162) | | — | | — | | (88,162) | Personnel costs | | (13,568) | | (224) | | (4,743) | | (18,535) | Fees | | (135) | | (215) | | (4,084) | | (4,434) | Depreciation, amortization and provisions | | (2,317) | | — | | (209) | | (2,527) | Support costs (including taxes)(1) | | 0 | | (473) | | (767) | | (1,240) | IT systems | | (845) | | (16) | | (90) | | (951) | Patents | | (551) | | — | | — | | (551) | Energy and liquids | | (900) | | — | | — | | (900) | Maintenance | | (1,017) | | — | | — | | (1,017) | Disposables | | (1,799) | | — | | — | | (1,799) | Other | | (719) | | (1,051) | | (3,944) | | (5,714) | Total operating expenses | | (110,012) | | (1,980) | | (13,837) | | (125,829) |
| (1) | The Chinese government withheld an amount corresponding to 10% of the payment made by CTTQ to the Company, i.e., €0.5 million in 2023, €1.0 million in 2024 and €1.0 million in 2025. Companies subject to withholding tax in China are allowed to treat the amount paid as a tax credit in France, given that a tax treaty exists between the two countries. The credit may only be applied to the current financial year. As the Company is in a loss-making position, the amount of the withholding tax is recognized as a tax expense (non‑deductible). |
| (2) | Other expenses primarily consist of costs related to the commercial development of lanifibranor. Please note these expenses are different to the “Other operating expenses” presented in Note 21 – Other operating income and expenses. |
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| Schedule of personnel costs and headcount |
For the year ended December 31, 2025 | | | | | | | | | | | Year ended December 31, 2025 | | | | | Marketing — | | | | | | | Research and | | business | | General and | | | | | development | | development | | administrative | | | (in thousands of euros) | | expenses | | expenses | | expenses | | Total | Wages, salaries and similar costs | | (7,757) | | (75) | | (4,611) | | (12,443) | Payroll taxes | | (3,475) | | (10) | | (9,233) | | (12,718) | Provisions for retirement benefit obligations | | 680 | | — | | 120 | | 799 | Share-based compensation expense(1) | | (3,953) | | (37) | | (21,491) | | (25,481) | Total personnel costs | | (14,505) | | (121) | | (35,215) | | (49,842) |
(1) | Share - based compensation expense is mainly composed of the new Free shares plans (AGA) and Stock Options plans granted during 2025 (see Note 12 - Shareholders’ equity). |
For the year ended December 31, 2024 | | | | | | | | | | | Year ended December 31, 2024 | | | | | Marketing — | | | | | | | Research and | | business | | General and | | | | | development | | development | | administrative | | | (in thousands of euros) | | expenses | | expenses | | expenses | | Total | Wages, salaries and similar costs | | (8,493) | | (212) | | (3,376) | | (12,081) | Payroll taxes | | (2,343) | | (16) | | (1,132) | | (3,491) | Provisions for retirement benefit obligations | | (124) | | — | | (69) | | (193) | Share‑based compensation expense | | (2,345) | | (41) | | (1,194) | | (3,580) | Total personnel costs | | (13,305) | | (269) | | (5,771) | | (19,345) |
For the year ended December 31, 2023 | | | | | | | | | | | Year ended December 31, 2023 | | | | | Marketing — | | | | | | | Research and | | business | | General and | | | | | development | | development | | administrative | | | (in thousands of euros) | | expenses | | expenses | | expenses | | Total | Wages, salaries and similar costs | | (8,376) | | (181) | | (2,450) | | (11,007) | Payroll taxes | | (2,394) | | (19) | | (963) | | (3,376) | Provisions for retirement benefit obligations | | (124) | | — | | (58) | | (183) | Share‑based compensation expense | | (2,673) | | (25) | | (1,272) | | (3,969) | Total personnel costs | | (13,568) | | (224) | | (4,743) | | (18,535) |
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