| Summary of income tax benefit and expense |
| | | | | | | | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | | in k€ | | in k€ | | in k€ | Current taxes | | | | | | | - Tax expense for the year | | (4,843) | | (7,761) | | (5,251) | - Income (expense) relating to other periods | | 2,785 | | 328 | | (2,666) | Total current income taxes | | (2,058) | | (7,433) | | (7,917) | Deferred taxes | | | | | | | - Tax loss carry forwards | | (33,136) | | 34,786 | | 1,606 | - Temporary differences | | 18,443 | | (29,455) | | 2,991 | Total deferred income taxes | | (14,693) | | 5,331 | | 4,597 | Tax income (expense) recognized in the income statement | | (16,751) | | (2,102) | | (3,320) |
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| Schedule of effective income tax rate |
| | | | | | | | | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | | | in k€ | | in k€ | | in k€ | | Income (loss) before taxes | | (86,766) | | (193,977) | | (80,593) | | Expected German income tax rate | | 32.28 | % | 32.28 | % | 32.28 | % | Expected income tax benefit (expense) | | 28,008 | | 62,616 | | 26,015 | | Non-deductible expenses | | (8,202) | | (33,773) | | (8,274) | | R&D tax credits | | 8,297 | | 8,667 | | 8,558 | | Tax free income | | 2,322 | | 13,106 | | 7,968 | | Permanent differences from GILTI | | (649) | | (778) | | (156) | | Tax effects from investments accounted for using the equity method | | 2,494 | | (683) | | (8,373) | | Deviation tax rates to expected tax rate | | 6,137 | | (992) | | (1,343) | | Change in tax rates | | (2,254) | | — | | (251) | | Change in recognition of deferred tax assets | | (52,791) | | (49,359) | | (25,568) | | Taxes related to prior years | | | | | | | | Current Taxes | | 2,784 | | 328 | | (2,666) | | Deferred Taxes | | (2,455) | | (1,736) | | 556 | | Other | | (442) | | 502 | | 213 | | Effective income tax income (expense) | | (16,751) | | (2,102) | | (3,320) | | Effective income tax rate | | (19.31) | % | (1.08) | % | (4.12) | % |
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| Schedule of deferred income tax assets and liabilities |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | January 1, 2025 | | | | | | December 31, 2025 | | | | | | | Recognized in | | | | | | | | | | | | | Recognized | | other | | Foreign | | | | Deferred | | Deferred | | | | | in | | comprehensive | | currency | | | | tax | | tax | | | Net balance | | profit or loss | | income | | translation | | Net | | assets | | liabilities | | | in k€ | | in k€ | | in k€ | | in k€ | | in k€ | | in k€ | | in k€ | Property, plant and equipment | | (29,391) | | 890 | | — | | — | | (28,501) | | 1,990 | | (30,491) | Intangible assets | | 2,610 | | (2,427) | | — | | — | | 183 | | 321 | | (138) | Rights of use assets | | (24,114) | | (5,770) | | — | | — | | (29,884) | | — | | (29,884) | Financial assets | | (35,620) | | 26,507 | | 24 | | — | | (9,089) | | 5,821 | | (14,909) | Provisions and deferred income | | (322) | | 509 | | (235) | | — | | (48) | | 3,035 | | (3,083) | Lease obligations | | 23,849 | | 6,391 | | — | | — | | 30,240 | | 30,240 | | — | Other liabilities | | 17,007 | | (7,656) | | — | | 301 | | 9,652 | | 10,689 | | (1,037) | Tax credits | | 142 | | (1) | | — | | — | | 141 | | 141 | | — | Loss carryforward | | 48,656 | | (33,135) | | — | | — | | 15,521 | | 15,521 | | — | Total | | 2,817 | | (14,693) | | (211) | | 301 | | (11,786) | | 67,758 | | (79,543) | Offsetting of tax | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | (64,809) | | 64,809 | Net | | 2,817 | | (14,693) | | (211) | | 301 | | (11,786) | | 2,949 | | (14,735) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | January 1, 2024 | | | | | | December 31, 2024 | | | | | | | Recognized in | | | | | | | | | | | | | Recognized | | other | | Foreign | | | | Deferred | | Deferred | | | | | in | | comprehensive | | currency | | | | tax | | tax | | | Net balance | | profit or loss | | income | | translation | | Net | | assets | | liabilities | | | in k€ | | in k€ | | in k€ | | in k€ | | in k€ | | in k€ | | in k€ | Property, plant and equipment | | (11,533) | | (18,057) | | — | | 199 | | (29,391) | | 2,252 | | (31,643) | Intangible assets | | (13,300) | | 15,910 | | — | | — | | 2,610 | | 3,563 | | (953) | Rights of use assets | | (29,609) | | 5,495 | | — | | — | | (24,114) | | — | | (24,114) | Financial assets | | (2,830) | | (33,209) | | 419 | | — | | (35,620) | | 978 | | (36,598) | Provisions and deferred income | | 8,121 | | (8,127) | | (316) | | — | | (322) | | 4,856 | | (5,178) | Lease obligations | | 24,701 | | (852) | | — | | — | | 23,849 | | 23,849 | | — | Other liabilities | | 6,312 | | 9,704 | | 1,774 | | (783) | | 17,007 | | 17,201 | | (194) | Tax credits | | 461 | | (319) | | — | | — | | 142 | | 142 | | — | Loss carryforward | | 13,870 | | 34,786 | | — | | — | | 48,656 | | 48,656 | | — | Total | | (3,807) | | 5,331 | | 1,877 | | (584) | | 2,817 | | 101,497 | | (98,680) | Offsetting of tax | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | (84,164) | | 84,164 | Net | | (3,807) | | 5,331 | | 1,877 | | (584) | | 2,817 | | 17,333 | | (14,516) |
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| Summary of tax loss, interest carryforwards and tax credits |
| | | | | | | | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | | in k€ | | in k€ | | in k€ | Tax loss carryforwards (not expiring) | | 1,215,300 | | 865,323 | | 572,204 | Time-limited tax losses | | | | | | | - expiring until 2030 (2024: 2029) | | 198 | | 31,648 | | 24,768 | - expiring 2031 to 2035 (2024: 2030 - 2034) | | 17,248 | | 32,019 | | 32,179 | - expiring after 2035 (2024: 2034) | | 25,978 | | 27,303 | | 38,243 | Tax credits | | 1,192 | | 1,337 | | 1,181 | Total | | 1,259,916 | | 957,630 | | 668,575 |
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