<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:019ce317-2335-79f1-8236-e90d7eadf9da,g:76fb39a1-18b6-486b-8b0b-8573aa290ebb-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:rost="http://www.rossstores.com/20260406" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://www.rossstores.com/20260406">
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei-sub/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-sub-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd-sub/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2025/ecd-sub-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:appinfo/>
  </xs:annotation>
</xs:schema>